1. Alexander the Great

2. Philip of Macedon King of Macedonia, 359-336 BC
Conquered most of Greece (through his military, or through alliances) by the time of his death
Assassinated by Pausanias, one of his bodyguards, for reasons still not clear.
Upon his death, his son Alexander took the throne.

3. Alexander the Great Consolidated power by killing off his rivals
Defeated Balkan kingdoms north of Macedonia, then destroyed Thebes to regain superiority over Greece (except Sparta)
In 334 BC he crosses into Anatolia (Turkey) to conquer Persia.

4. 334 BC: Battle of Granicus: Alexander defeats the Persian Army at a river crossing
333 BC: Battle of Issus: Alexander destroys the Persian Army and captures King Darius’ family
332 BC: Battle of Tyre: Alexander captures Tyre, kills off the men, and sells the women and children into slavery

5. 332 BC: Egypt welcomes Alexander as a liberator, a new city is founded named “Alexandria”
331 BC: Alexander defeats Persian army at Gaugamela. King Darius is assassinated shortly after.
326: Alexander defeats an Indian army at Hydaspes.

6. Alexander returns to Babylon – 324 BC
Executes disloyal governors
Marries his officers to Persian women
Sent older Macedonians back home
Planned an invasion of Arabia
Died in 323 BC, either of an illness after a night of drinking, or poison.

7. After his death, Alexander’s empire is divided between his four main generals – one Kingdom in Greece, one in Turkey, one in Egypt, and one in Persia. They fight among themselves for 40 years

8. Alexander’s Legacy
One of the world’s greatest generals – defeated 15 empires and undefeated in battles – to form the largest empire in the world.
Spread Hellenistic (Greek) culture across Asia and into Africa. Greek architecture, language, sculpture, and philosophy flourished from Egypt to India.
Started multiple cities, including Alexandria, Egypt (home of the Great Library and Lighthouse)
Was a hero and inspiration to the Romans

9. Great Library of Alexandria
Greatest library of the ancient world
A collection of books, scrolls, etc, of all the learning the Greeks could find
May have contained up to 700,000 books
Built around 260 BC
Destroyed by war between AD

10. The Seven Wonders of the (Ancient) World
Greek list of the greatest structures in their world
Only one – the Great Pyramid – still survives
5 of the 7 Wonders were built by Greeks themselves

11. 1. Great Pyramid of Giza Egyptian – a tomb for the pharaoh
Built in the 2500s BC

12. 2. Hanging Gardens of Babylon
Babylonian – a garden
Built about 600 BC
Destroyed before 100 AD

13. 3. Temple of Artemis at Ephesus
Greek religious temple
Built about 550 BC
Destroyed around 300 AD

14. 4. Statue/Temple of Zeus at Olympia
Greek religious temple
Built about 435 BC
Destroyed around 500 AD

15. 5. Mausoleum of Halicarnassus
Greek – a tomb for a local king
Built about 350 BC
Destroyed around 1400 AD

16. 6. Colossus of Rhodes Greek – a victory statue Built about 280 BC
Destroyed around 226 BC

17. 7.Great Lighthouse at Alexandria
Between feet tall
Built of solid limestone with a fire at the top
Constructed to guide ships past Pharos Island into Alexandria Harbor
Built in 280 BC
Destroyed by earthquake, 1303 AD