1. Phenology Friday

2. Bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis)
What it is? Perennial, herbaceous flowering plant native to eastern North America that is in bloom right now.
What is unique about this plant? It’s root sap is red and poisonous and it’s seeds are dispersed by ants.
What are its uses? It’s a popular red natural dye used by Native American artists and it is also found in some dental hygiene products.

3. Drill # 5 4/4/14
How can you use Darwin’s theory of evolution to explain the following:
Bloodroot’s red, poisonous root sap
Bloodroot’s relationship with ants
The seeds have a fleshy part that attract ants. The ants take the seeds to their nest, where they eat the elaiosomes, and put the seeds in their nest debris, where they are protected until they germinate. They also get the added bonus of growing in a medium made richer by the ant nest debris.
All parts of the plant are poisonous to animals but the toxins are most highly concentrated in the root after leaves are completely open.

4. SWBAT:
Use the fossil record to determine the relative age of an organism.
Use comparative anatomy to determine if species share a common ancestor.
Describe how to use embryology to determine which species have the more recent common ancestor.
Determine evolutionary relationships by analyzing amino acids.

5. Agenda Extension from Peppered Moth Lab
Notes on the 4 Types of Evidence of Change including fossil records, comparative anatomy, embryology and amino acid analysis

6. Evolution 4 Types of Evidence of Change: 1. Fossil Records
2. Comparative Anatomy
3. Similarities in Embryology
4. Similarities in DNA, RNA and proteins

7. Fossil Records
Fossils - the preserved remnants or impressions left by organisms that lived in the past.
May bear a resemblance to organisms that exist today.
Fossil record - the order in which fossils appear within sedimentary rocks.
Shells, bones, teeth, etc.

8. Types of Fossils

9. Look at the rock cycle and define sedimentary rock in your notes.

10. Dating Fossils 1. Law of Superposition 2. Carbon-14 dating

11. Fossil record creates:
Law of Superposition
Fossil record creates:
A geologic time scale
Fossils at the bottom of the strata are older
Fossils at the top of the strata are younger
A relative age is determined based on fossil’s location within the sedimentary rock record

12. Carbon 14 Dating
Age of a fossil is based on the amount of radioactive carbon that is in the sample (decays to Nitrogen 14)

13. Example of fossil record showing evolution

14. Homologous structures
2. Comparative Anatomy
Homologous structures
Structures may vary in function and appear different, but they all have common skeletal structures
Indicates that the species share a common ancestor

15. As a general rule, the more homologous parts that two species share, the more closely related they are.
Which two organisms have a closer common ancestor? Explain.

16. Comparative Anatomy Analogous structures
Structures have identical function due to similar environmental pressures
Do not necessarily have a common ancestor
Wings in birds and insects

17. The more complex two structures are, the less likely that they evolved independently.
Do the organisms below share a common ancestor? Explain why or why not.

18. Drill # 6 4/7/14
Describe the two types of evidence of evolution we have discussed so far. Define and give one example.

19. SWBAT:
Describe how to use embryology to determine which species have the more recent common ancestor.
Determine evolutionary relationships by analyzing amino acids.

20. Homework Due
Peppered Moth Lab

21. Agenda Homework Finish notes on the 4 Types of Evidence of Change.
Evolution Vocabulary WS
Hand back Animal Fact Sheet
Amino Acid Analysis (if time)
Homework
Complete Comparative Anatomy WS

22. Evolution 4 Types of Evidence of Change: 1. Fossil Records
2. Comparative Anatomy
3. Similarities in Embryology
4. Similarities in DNA, RNA and proteins

23. Comparative Anatomy Vestigial structures
Indicates that the structure was functional in some ancestor of the organism
Probably shares a common ancestor with an organism that has a functional version of the same feature
Appendix in humans
Pelvic bones in baleen whales

24. More similarities in embryos, the more recent the common ancestor
3. Similarities in Embryology
Early stages of development of different embryos are very similar to each other
More similarities in embryos, the more recent the common ancestor

25. Embryo Challenge Stage I: label each embryo Human Hog Calf Fish
Tortoise
Salamander
Rabbit
Chick

26. Embryo Challenge Stage II: label each embryo Human Hog Calf Fish
Tortoise
Salamander
Rabbit
Chick

27. Embryo Challenge
Answers:

28. 4. Similarities in DNA, RNA and proteins
The more recently two species have branched from a common ancestor, the more similar their DNA and amino acid sequences.

29. Wrap up
Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection explains changes in :
A. individuals
B. genetic makeup
C. populations of species
D. environment

31. Drill # 4 4/4/14 How do we know that animals and plants have evolved?
What types of evidence can we see today?