1. The Union in Peril Slavery becomes the dominant issue in U.S. politics
the birth of new political parties
the election of Abraham Lincoln, and the secession of Southern states.
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2. The Divisive Politics of Slavery
10.1
The Divisive Politics of Slavery
The issue of slavery dominates U.S. politics in the early 1850s.
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3. Differences Between North and South Industry and Immigration 1
SECTION
Differences Between
North and South
Industry and Immigration
in the North
1850s North industrialized
Railroads carry raw materials
east, manufactured goods
south and west
- telegraph faster
communication
Immigrants become industrial workers,
fear expansion of slavery
- slave labor might compete with free labor
- could reduce status of white workers unable to compete
Continued . . .
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4. B. Agriculture and Slavery in the South 1
SECTION
B. Agriculture and Slavery in the South
South mostly rural, plantations and small farms
Economy relies on cash crops; manufacture
under 10% of U.S. goods
Few immigrants; free and enslaved African Americans meet labor needs
In 3 states, blacks are majority
(Miss., La., SC); in 2 (Ala., Fla.),
are half of population
Whites fear restriction of slavery will
change society, economy
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5. II. Slavery in the Territories 1
SECTION
II. Slavery in the Territories
A. The Wilmot Proviso
• WP--no slavery in territory acquired from
Mexico
• North: feared if slave territory adds slave
states; have more members in Congress
• South: slaves are property under Constitution;
fear more free states
B. Statehood for California
1850, CA writes constitution; elects leaders; applies for statehood
Pres. Zachary Taylor supports admission of California as free state
Recommends to angry South that slavery be decided by each territory (popular sovereignty)
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6. III. The Senate Debates A. Clay’s Compromise 1
SECTION
III. The Senate Debates
A. Clay’s Compromise
Some Southerners threaten
secession
Henry Clay offers Compromise of
1850 to settle disputes over slavery
B. Terms of the Compromise
Compromise created to appease
North/South:
- California to be a free state
- more effective fugitive slave law
- popular sovereignty—residents
vote to decide
- slave trade banned in D.C. but slavery permitted
Continued . . .
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