1. Male and Female Reproductive System
And Fertilization and Development

2. Sexual Development
At first male and female human embryos are identical in appearance.
During the ________________________, the reproductive systems of male and female embryos begin to develop.
The male pattern of development is triggered by the production of testosterone in the gonads (makes gametes) of the embryo.

3. Sexual Development
Testosterone and Estrogens have powerful effects on the body.
Effects of hormones:
Growth of facial hair
Increased muscular development
_______________________________
Breast development
_____________________________

4. Sexual Development Puberty
Period of rapid growth and sexual _________________
When reproductive system becomes fully functional
Begins in the ______ when hypothalamus signals the ____________ to produce 2 hormones that affect the gonads.
Between ages of 9 and 15
Females begin 1 year earlier than males

5. Holds urine
Sperm pathway
Make fluid
for semen
Skin sac that holds testicles
And vessels
Produces sperm & male hormone
Sperm mature &
travel through

6. Sexual Development
What are the main functions of the male reproduce system?
When puberty is complete, the reproductive system is fully functional,
Meaning the male can produce and release ___________ ____________.

8. Female Reproductive System
Ovaries: primary reproductive organs
Main function: __________________, or ova (singular-ovum)
Prepares the body to nourish a developing embryo

9. Pathway for egg:
fertilization occurs
Fetus grows inside
Produces egg & female hormones
Dilates in labor
Allows for flow of menstrual blood
& sexual intercourse

10. Female Reproductive Structures
At puberty, each ovary has as many as 400,000 primary follicles that surround a single egg.
The function of a follicle is to help an egg mature for release and fertilized by a sperm.

11. Female Reproductive Structures
Other structures:
Fallopian tubes
________
Cervix

12. Menstrual Cycle
One ovary produces and releases one mature ovum every 28 days or so.
Menstrual Cycle:
Process of egg formation and release
Regulated by hormones made by the hypothalamus, pituitary, and ovaries
Cramps caused by
Painful cramping is caused by clots or bloody tissues pass through the cervix.

13. Menstrual Cycle pg. 991 During the menstrual cycle;
An egg develops within a follicle and is released from an ovary.
Uterus is prepared to receive the fertilized egg.
Embryonic development begins and the cycle stops.

14. Pregnancy Menstrual cycle also stops when a woman is ______________.
If a sperm fertilizes an egg, it completes meiosis and undergoes mitosis.
A ball of cells will form an implant itself in the lining of the uterus.
After implantation, the embryo grows and prevents the menstrual cycle to begin again.

15. Fertilization and Development
What takes place during fertilization and the early stages of human development?
The fusion of a sperm and egg cell is called __________________.

16. Fertilization
1. During sexual intercourse, sperm are released when semen enters the vagina.
2. The egg is surrounded by a protective layer with binding sites for sperm to attach. 3.

17. Fertilization
4. The haploid (N) sperm nucleus enters the haploid egg, and chromosomes of sperm and egg join together.
5. The 2 haploid nuclei fuse and a single diploid (2N) is formed with a single set of chromosomes from each parent cell.
6. ___________: fertilized egg. At this point the developing human is called an embryo.

18. Later Development
What important events occur during the later stages of human development?

19. First Trimester:
Second Trimester:
Third Trimester:

20. Months 4-6
The tissues of the fetus become more complex and specialized, and begin to function.
The fetal heart becomes large enough so that it can be heard with a ___________________.
Bone replaces cartilage that forms the ____________ ______________.
Layer of soft hair grow.
Mother feels the fetus moving.

21. Months 7-9 The organ systems of the fetus mature.
Fetus grows in size and mass.
Regulate __________________.
8 months= premature