1. Symbiosis 1

2. Understanding the Vocabulary
With or together
Define sym: _____________________
Define bio: _____________________
Define symbiosis: __________________________________
Life
Symbiosis means life together.
The different forms of symbiosis describe the relationships between organisms that live together.

3. 3
There are ___ major types of symbiosis that you need to be familiar with:
1. ___________________: ________________________________________________________
2. ___________________: ________________________________________________________
3. ___________________: ________________________________________________________
Mutualism
Both organisms benefit each other.
Parasitism
One organism helps itself while hurting another.
Commensalism
One organism helps itself without affecting the other.
Mutualism
Parasitism
Commensalism

4. Examples of Mutualism
Another type of mutualism exists between flowers and their pollinators. Birds and bees gain _________ and nectar for themselves in return for helping the plants ____________.
pollen
reproduce

5. Mutualism Flowers and their Pollinators (Example:  Bees and hummingbirds gather nectar and spread pollen.)

6. The moray eel gets a clean mouth and the cleaner fish gets a meal.
Mutualism
The moray eel gets a clean mouth and the cleaner fish gets a meal.

7. Mutualism Birds and mammals eat berries and fruits while the plant benefits by the dispersal of it seeds.

8. mutualism - a relationship where both organisms benefit
Think of a normal friendship where both friends gain something from the friendship
The acacia galls are homes to stinging ants and the ants defend acacia from other insects that would harm tree leaves.

9. The oxbird gets rid of the parasiteson the antelope and allows the oxbird to have a meal.

10. Mutualism Cleaners eat insect pests from the skin of animals.

11. Mutualism Algae and Fungi (Lichen) - Alga gets water and nutrients from the fungus and the fungus gets food from the algae.

12. Mutualism Many herbivores such as cows, sheep, deer, horses and rabbits depend on bacteria that live in their stomachs to break down the plant material.

13. Mutualism The corals get food and the algae are protected.

14. Examples of Parasitism
Parasites help themselves by _________ another species. The organism that is hurt by the parasite is known as its ______.
hurting
host

15. Think of a friendship where you might feel used by your friend
Parasitism
parasitism – a relationship where one organism benefits (parasite) while the species it depends on (host) is harmed
host – an organism on which a parasite lives

16. Parasitism Ticks and fleas that live in a host animal's fur bite the animal and drink its blood are parasites.

17. Mistletoe takes moisture and nutrients from the plant while the woody plant has to support itself and the mistletoe.

18. Parasitism Insects such as mosquitoes feeding on a host are parasites.

19. The tick eats the blood of a human and the human receives Lyme disease from the tick.
Parasitism

20. Parasitism Vines such as Kudzu growing on Tree

21. Parasitism Tomato Hornworm with Wasp Eggs

22. The tapeworm attaches itself to the intestines of a dog and the tapeworm takes nutrients from the dog.

23. Parasitism Tapeworm or Hookworms living in Host's Gut

24. The word commensalism means to _______________
The word commensalism means to _______________. It was named this because it originally described the relationship between animals that ate the “leftovers” of another animal’s hunt. Vultures may eat the remains of animal killed by a lion. Since the lion is done with its meal, the vulture is _____________ and _____________ the lion by eating the meat. The word has since become to mean any relationship between two species where one is ________ and the other is ______________.
dine together
not hurting
not helping
helped
not affected

25. Examples of Commensalism
Some organisms rely on larger animals for ______________. They ride on the backs of the larger animals without affecting the animals in any significant way. _______ ride on the back of larger insects without hurting the insects or helping them.
transportation
Mites

26. commensalism – a relationship where one species benefits while the other species remains unaffected
Think of a friendship where one of the friends benefits while the other doesn’t change

27. Commensalism One species uses a second organism for housing such as small mammals or birds that lives in holes in trees or orchids which live in trees.

28. Cattle stir up insects as they eat grass and the egrets hang around and eat insects

29. Clown fish get their protection from the sea anemone and the anemone is unaffected.

30. Shark eats and the remora gets the scraps left by the shark.
Commensalism
Shark eats and the remora gets the scraps left by the shark.

31. The Egyptian Plover gets a meal while cleaning the alligator’s teeth
Decide whether the following relationships represent mutualism, commensalism , or parasitism.
Mutualism
The Egyptian Plover gets a meal while cleaning the alligator’s teeth

32. Decide whether the following relationships represent mutualism, commensalism , or parasitism.
Tapeworms live in the intestines of animals stealing valuable nutrients

33. Mites travel on the back of a fly.
Decide whether the following relationships represent mutualism, commensalism , or parasitism.
Commensalism
Photo by Joaquim Alves Gaspar
Mites travel on the back of a fly.