1. AP World Review: Time Period Characterizations

2. AP World Time Periods Foundations (8,000 BCE – 600 BCE)
Classical (600 BCE – 600 CE)
Post-Classical (600 CE – 1450 CE)
Early Modern (1450 CE – 1750 CE)
Modern (1750 CE – 1900 CE)
Contemporary / Global (1900 CE – Present)

3. Time Period Divisions Foundations (8,000 BCE – 600 BCE)
Creation of stable classical empires
Classical (600 BCE – 600 CE)
Collapse of Classical Societies & Creation of Islam
Post-Classical (600 CE – 1450 CE)
Collapse of Byzantium & prior to Columbus
Early Modern (1450 CE – 1750 CE)
Prior to Revolutions of 18th century (French, American) & Industrialization
Modern (1750 CE – 1900 CE)
Prior to WWI and global growth of nationalism
Contemporary / Global (1900 CE – Present)

4. Human Prehistory and Early Civilizations
Foundations BCE – 600 BCE
Human Prehistory and Early Civilizations

5. Foundations: Major Themes
Hunter-gatherers (disadvantages)
Neolithic Revolution + agriculture (advantages)
Civilization
Characteristics
River Valley Civilizations
Egypt
Mesopotamia
Sumer
Babylon
Indus River Valley
Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro
Huang He River Valley
Xia (fictional?), Shang
Little to no expansion
Limited interaction if living outside major civs

6. Classical 600 BCE – 600 CE Classical China Classical India
Classical Greece and Rome
Classical Declines

7. Classical Period: Major Themes
China: Zhou, Qin, Han
India: Mauryan, Gupta
Mediterranean: Greece, Etruscans, Rome
Similarities:
Major religions/ideologies develop
Massive territorial expansion
Integrate new territories (ex: China and Rome)
Iron tools and weapons
Connection occurs through trade primarily (Silk Road)
Exception:
Alexander the Great and Bactria (Mauryan India)
China and entrance of Indian Buddhism

8. Classical Period: Major Themes
Late Classical Period
Collapse of empires
Turn to religion or ideology in time of chaos
Buddhism (Siddhartha Gautama)
Hinduism (Vedic texts)
Christianity (Bible)
Confucianism (Confucius, Analects of Confucius)
Legalism (Shi Huangdi)
Daoism (Lao Tzu)

9. Color Coded History: Foundations and Classical ORANGE

10. Color Coded History: Foundations and Classical ORANGE

11. Post Classical 600 CE – 1450 CE Rise of Islam
Abbasids and Spread of Islam to S/SE Asia
Islam in Africa
Byzantium
Early Christian and Middle Ages
Pre-Columbian America
Sui, Tang and Song
Sinification in Japan, Korea, Vietnam
Mongols
Golden Age of Exploration

12. Post-Classical Period: Major Themes
According to Sterns
1st Realm (most developed, high interaction): Umayyads and Abbasids; Sui, Tang, Song China; Byzantium
2nd Realm (trade raw materials for luxury goods; imitate other cultures): Japan, Korea, Vietnam; Western Europe; Russia; Sub-Saharan Africa
3rd Realm (no connection with 1 and 2): Americas
Period begins with:
Collapse of Classical Empires
Rise and spread of Islam
Major events:
Spread of Christianity and Buddhism
Silk Road (Esp. after 1000 CE  increased contact; rapid transmission of culture and technology (paper, compass)

13. Post-Classical Period: Major Themes
Period ends with:
Mongols are gone
Ming China closes China off
Still strongest economy; greatest demand
Middle East weak via Mongols
Russia weak via Mongols
Byzantium falls
Western Europe grows with new technology from Asia
Americas become weak prior to Columbus

14. Color Coded History: Post-Classical GREEN

15. Color Coded History: Post-Classical GREEN

16. Early Modern 1450 CE – 1750 CE The World Economy
Renaissance and 17th-century Europe
Rise of Russia
Early Latin America
Atlantic Slave Trade
Ottomans; Mughals; Safavids
Ming China and Tokugawa Japan

17. Early Modern Period: Major Themes
Columbian Exchange
Plants, animals, diseases  population effects
Becomes Triangular Trade
Altered World Economy
Mercantilism  utilize colonies
Atlantic Slave Trade
Gunpowder Empires (new weaponry)
Ottomans; Mughals; Safavids
Internal Changes in Empires
Europe: Renaissance; Protestantism; Scientific Rev; absolutism; exploration
Russia: tsardom, copy West, retain uniqueness
Japan: Tokugawa Shogunate; isolation
China: Neo-Confucianism

18. Color Coded History: Early Modern BLUE

19. Color Coded History: Early Modern BLUE

20. Modern 1750 CE – 1900 CE Age of Revolution and Industrial Revolution
European Imperialism
19th-century Latin America
Ottomans; Egypt; Qing China
Industrialization in Russia and Japan

21. Modern Period: Major Themes
West’s military advantages  Imperialism
Result of industrialization (cannon; repeating rifle; machine gun, trains, steamships, improved medications)
Think of: Opium War; Battle of Lepanto; Crimean War
World Economy
All societies must participate or West forces them to (Opium War; Boxer Rebellion; Matthew Perry and Japan)
Increasing capitalism
High production of raw materials
Marxism
Reaction to West (Resist/traditional or acceptance?)
Social Darwinism
Military reforms (Tanzimat, Self-Strengthening, Meiji)
Education (Russia; Dutch Studies in Japan)

22. Modern Period: Major Themes
Revolutions
American (1776); Haitian (1804); French (1789); Latin American (19th-c)
New philosophies/rights  complicates colonies
Industrial Revolution
CELL; 1st and 2nd Revolution; social and cultural results
Abolition
New ideologies (Enlightenment, moral principles)
Britain takes lead
Wage-laborers
Nationalism
By 1914, nationalism almost everywhere
Begins in West (Italy, Balkans, Germany)  ultimately used by non-West to protest against West
19th-c Globalization
Telegraph; steamship; consumerism; Suez and Panama Canal; First-wave Feminism

23. Color Coded History: Modern YELLOW

24. Color Coded History: Modern YELLOW

25. Global 1900 CE - present WWI Interwar Period WWII Cold War
20th/21st c. Latin America
Independence in Asia, Africa, Middle East
Mao’s China and the Pacific Rim
End of Cold War
Globalization

26. Global Period: Major Themes
Decline of West’s Power
Decolonization
Complicated World Economy
Neocolonialism (Danger of single-export)
War over resources: Iran-Iraq War; Persian Gulf War
Communism vs. Capitalism
China; Pacific Rim; Sub-Saharan Africa added
Population Growth
1914 to present: 3x
Struggle to provide resources; public health; food
Technology
Radio; telephone; cell phone; satellite; air travel; internet

27. Global Period: Major Themes
Wars
WWI; WWII; Chinese Civil War; Vietnam War; Korean War
Revolutions
Social upheaval: growing middle class
Chinese Rev (1911); Mexican Rev (1910); Russian Rev (1917)
Empire and Monarchies end
Fascism; authoritarianism  Democratization in 70s/80s
Cultural Change
Consumerism; Coca-cola-nization
Rejection: Religious fundamentalism
Gender
Traditions remain: Birth control
Second-wave Feminism; constitutional equality
Globalization

28. Color Coded History: Global RED

29. Color Coded History: Global RED