1. ** In your notes, in preparation for a video clip about slavery and the cotton industry – “America: The Story of Us – Division,” (7:40 – 16:53) write down the following prompts / questions, leaving spaces in between:
- (1) Impact of cotton gin …
- (2) By 1830, the U.S. is producing ____ % of the world’s cotton and by 1850 ____ %.
- (3) Why do pro-slavery interests want to push slavery westward?
- (4) How does the cotton industry transform and benefit the North?

2. Causes of U.S. Civil War – “LONG TERM”
1 = Ambiguities of U.S. Constitution (1787)
Perpetual Union?
Were states allowed to leave (secede)?
2 = “Tradition of State Sovereignty”
and States’ Rights
Nullification & Secession

3. Causes of U.S. Civil War – “LONG TERM”
3 = Slavery
By 1860, there were 4 million African-American slaves in the South
4 = Cotton Gin (1793) by Eli Whitney
5 = Second Great Awakening and Rise of Abolitionism in North (1830’s)
“Circuit Riders” …
Appeal to reform society …

4. Second Great Awakening
Second Great Awakening and Rise of Abolitionism in North (1830’s)
Liberator, William Lloyd Garrison
(1831 – 1865)
** Changes Abolition Movement …
Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852)
Handout Questions:
** (1) Why did the Second Great Awakening lead to a rise in Abolition sentiment in the North?
** (2) Why did Slaveholders not consider themselves egregious sinners?

5. Causes of U.S. Civil War – “LONG TERM”
6 = “Slave Power” Influence and Change in “Southern Conscientiousness”
Only 1/3 of Southerners
owned slaves
Thomas Jefferson,
John C. Calhoun,

6. Attempts to “Deal” With Slavery
1800 – Gabriel’s Rebellion …
White Virginians propose
emancipating slaves
1816 – American Colonization
Society …
Received $100,000 from U.S. Congress

7. Attempts to “Deal” With Slavery
1820 – Virginia’s “Haiti Plan” …
Proposal to emancipate a certain number of slaves each year and send them to Haiti
Vs.
1831 – Nat Turner’s Rebellion …
Approximately 120 slaves and free African Americans were killed by militias and mobs in the area

8. Nations and Empires that ended slavery through “Compensated Emancipation”
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
British Empire
India, East Africa, etc.
Chile
Columbia
Danish Colonies
Netherlands
Ecuador
French Empire
West Africa
Mexico and Central America
Paraguay
Peru
Spanish Empire
Sweden
Uruguay
Venezuela
United States  (Washington D.C.  only)

9. Causes of U.S. Civil War – “LONG TERM”
6 = “Slave Power” Influence and Change in “Southern Conscientiousness”
Only 1/3 of Southerners
owned slaves
Thomas Jefferson,
John C. Calhoun,

10. Causes of U.S. Civil War – “LONG TERM”
7 = Westward Expansion and “Manifest Destiny”
Failed compromises between Northern and Southern states
8 = Economic differences, North and South
Agrarian South vs. Industrial North
Growth of “wage labor” in North

11. Causes of U.S. Civil War – Immediate Events
Fugitive Slave Act, 1850 (Part of Compromise of 1850)
Dred Scott Case, 1857
John Brown’s Raid, 1859
Election of Abraham Lincoln, 1860
South Carolina Secedes, Dec. 20, 1860
** President Lincoln decides to reinforce Fort Sumter, S.C., April 12, 1861