1. Era of Good Feelings
US History

2. American Nationalism
After the War of 1812, a strong sense of pride in the US swept the nation
Era of Good Feelings: America flourished economically

3. America’s Favorite Sons (aka the Great Triumvirate)
John C. Calhoun
From South Carolina
War Hawk
Held many political offices, including Vice President under Andrew Jackson
Known for his strong support of states’ rights (ex. Nullification & slavery)

4. America’s Favorite Sons (aka the Great Triumvirate)
Daniel Webster
From New Hampshire (north)
Spokesman for modernization, industry, and banking
Held many political positions (one of greatest Senators of all time)
Great orator; argued many cases before the Supreme Court

5. America’s Favorite Sons (aka the Great Triumvirate)
Henry Clay
From Kentucky
Held many political positions
Known as “The Great Compromiser”

6. Economic Nationalism
Federal government put in place protective tariffs to encourage people to BUY AMERICAN
Really hurt Southern farmers who traded significantly with European nations
Tariff came to be called the “Tariff of Abominations” by Southerners

7. Judicial Nationalism McCulloch v. Maryland Gibbons v. Ogden
Said state of Maryland couldn’t tax the National Bank
Established “Necessary & Proper Clause”
Established the basis for the expansive authority of Congress (Sup Ct said Congress could do more than the Constitution specifically allows it to do)
Gibbons v. Ogden
Gave the federal government control over interstate commerce (trade between states)

8. Nationalist Diplomacy
Andrew Jackson invaded Florida
Spanish controlled
Haven for runaway slaves
Seminoles were violent
Destroyed several Seminole villages, seized Spanish settlements, and removed Spanish governor from power (wasn’t authorized to do these things)
Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819
Spain gave all of Florida to the US
Finalized western border of Louisiana Territory

10. James Monroe From VA (Westmoreland Co.) 5th POTUS
Serves 2 terms (1817 – 1825)
POTUS of the Era of Good Feelings

11. Monroe Doctrine
Told European powers to stay out of the Western Hemisphere
Upheld Washington’s policy of avoiding entanglements in European power in European power struggles

12. Early Industry Roads & Turnpikes National Road
Construction started in 1811
Started in Cumberland, MD and ended in Vandalia, Illinois (ran out of money)

14. Early Industry Transportation Canals Steamboat
allowed for faster & cheaper trade
By 1840, US had 3,300 miles of canals connecting the country
Most famous – Erie Canal (allowed for trade from Atlantic Ocean to Great Lakes – made Chicago a booming city)
Steamboat
invented by Robert Fulton
1st – the Clermont (steamed 150 miles up the Hudson River from NY in just 32 hrs)

18. Early Industry Trains Developed in early 1800s
Tom Thumb was the first American locomotive
Transformed the nation
Allowed people and goods to move quickly from city to city
Allowed business owners, farmers, etc. to buy items from other cities

20. Immigrant labor built the railroads

21. Early Industry Technological Advances Eli Whitney Samuel F. B. Morse
Cotton Gin (pulled seeds out of cotton, still had to pick it, but didn’t have to separate it)
Interchangeable parts (machines were made of multiple pieces that could be replaced instead of replacing the whole machine; ex. Guns)
Samuel F. B. Morse
Invented the telegraph in 1832 and developed Morse Code, both for sending messages

23. Life in the North
New inventions and advancements in transportation spurred more people to move to northern cities
Cities became overcrowded (overcrowding leads to unemployment leads to poverty leads to crime)
People worked very long hours under poor conditions

24. Life in the North
City streets were filled with animal waste, garbage, etc.
Until the 1850s, many cities did not have schools, and school was not mandatory
Haven for runaway slaves and free blacks; many became dock workers and sailors in New England, and carpenters, shoemakers, preachers, and school teachers in the Middle states

25. Life on the Farm (South)
Agriculture remained the leading economic activity in the US – helped feed the country (north and south)
Southern farmers first produced tobacco, then corn and wheat, and cotton
Very hard work; all members of the family contributed

26. Cotton Becomes King
Invention of the cotton gin allowed farmers to produce much more (1,000 lbs per day with little expense)
By the 1840s, the US was the world’s greatest supplier of cotton

27. Society in the South
Slaveholding in the South (based on population of all free men)
Non-slaveholders: 64%
Owning 0 – 4 slaves: 18%
Owning 5 – 49 slaves: 15.5%
Owning 50 or more slaves: 2.5%
Owning 500 or more slaves: 11 families

28. Society in the South Planter class (smallest class; 37,000 people)
wealthy families that owned large plantations
Less than 0.5 percent (half of one percent) of white Southern families (over two percent of total population)
Yeoman class (largest class; 62% of Southern pop.)
Ordinary farmers and southern poor
Most did not have slaves, but the ones that did had one or two that lived with them
Slaves (3.6 million blacks in the South; 93% enslaved = 37% of Southern pop.)

30. Slavery The Task System: The Gang System:
workers were given a specific set of jobs to accomplish everyday, and then they could spend the rest of the day as they chose
Some became artisans and sold goods; some cultivated gardens for extra food
The Gang System:
Developed after cotton gin invented and need for cotton grew
Large groups of people were given specific tasks; someone from group was appointed the leader or foreman)

31. Slavery Distribution of slave labor (after cotton gin) 55%: Cotton
15%: Domestic Servants (in charge of house keeping, cooking, watching the children)
10%: Tobacco
10%: Construction, Lumbering
10%: Rice, Sugar

32. Slavery Women: Children:
Had to do the same jobs as men, but were more likely to be domestic servants
Older women were usually in charge of caring for the children of other slaves
Children:
Children were allowed to play, usually with the children of the plantation owner, but also had chores

33. Free African Americans
By 1850, 225,000 free blacks resided in the South, most living in cities (specifically New Orleans), and Maryland and Virginia
Some had been indentured servants (chose to come from Africa) in the 1700s, and so their descendents were free
Some won freedom fighting in Am. Revolution
Some had been granted freedom from slave owners
Some had bought their freedom and become slave owners themselves

34. Missouri Compromise (1820)
Split the country in half (slave states vs free states)
Missouri entered union as a slave state
Maine entered union as a free state
Started the controversy of sectional balance