1. A new Civilization Emerges in Europe
Chapter 10
A new Civilization Emerges in Europe

2. Today 10/30 and 10/31 Practice Question Reading Quiz Reading Guide
Lecture
Simulation
Exit
Objective:
In this chapter you will be able to describe how Western Europe political structure has changed over time.
In this lecture you will be able to distinguish the differences between Western Europe's political structure and others we have learned about

3. Western European Problems
Fall of Rome = fragmentation and economic hardships
Intellectual life decreased
Catholic Church becomes the only true unifying structure
Many places like Spain still Muslim
The center of the region is no longer Rome
Now more France and Germany with England growing in influence

5. Europe c. 1000

6. 1. Manorialism
System of economic and political relationships between landlords and their peasant laborers
This became common place as a means of survival
Trade decreased
Political stability (centralization) decreased
These manors were self sufficient

8. 2. Agricultural developments
Expansion of arable land
Population rises
Cleared forests, swamps
Lords encouraged such efforts
Improved farming techniques
Crop rotation methods
Use of fertilizer
Cultivation of beans increased
More domestic animals
Books on economy, agriculture
New tools and technology
Extensive use of watermills and heavy plows
Use of horseshoe and horse collar, increased land under cultivation
3-plot rotation of planted land

9. Population explosion New farming technologies And new foods
Before 1000, European diet - grains
After 1000, more meat, dairy products, fish, vegetables, legumes
Increase in food production
Population explosion
Between 1000 and 1300, the population of Europe doubled.

12. 3. The Church
Only real example of government organization based around the Pope in Rome
Christendom or The Age of Faith
Every aspect of life was dominated by the Church
Rulers were crowned by the “Grace of God”
Political rule viewed as divinely sanctioned
All Christians were expected to tithe to the church
Education, art dictated by Church ideals
Calendar organized by faith holidays
Fair prices, economic practices dictated by church
All answers to questions were dictated largely by faith
Law was largely dictated by religion
Serious matters submitted to Church for arbitration, resolution

13. 4. Charlemagne Carolingians
Charles Martel defeated the Muslims at the battle of Tours
Charles the Great = Charlemagne
Was able to move W. E. toward centralization and unity
this brought with it a wave of light
Encouraged some church based education
OH look another example of a strong leader and stupid succession rules making the developing empire fall
3 grandsons = 3 portions

14. Charlemagne’s Empire

15. After Charlemagne's death

16. 5. Empireless W. E. couldn’t establish an empire for a few reasons
From this point on Regional kingdoms will prevail
HOWEVER they will sometimes be under the umbrella of the Holy Roman Empire
Cultural unity rater than political unity
Roman Catholic

17. 6. Feudalism This is not the same as Manorialism
This is a Political and Military Relationship
Linked military elites (Landlords with Money) to lesser lords (vassals)
They owe military service and some goods
They both had serfs to work the considerable amount of land
How did this inhibit the development of a strong central state

18. 7. Feudal Monarchies
These Fifes of land can become a Feudal Monarchies
The King had to be able to control multiple Feudal kingdoms (Fiefs)
Very clear in England
William the Conqueror
A version of Centralization but not really

19. 8. Limited Government
Very politically divided and diverse area as we have already seen
Limited government will begin to development to reduce some of the power of the King and give it to lords
1215 Magna Carta and King John
1255 1st English Parliament

20. The Three Estates 1. "Those who pray" – clergy, spiritual estate
Ruling hierarchy: Popes, bishops, abbots
Common clergy: Monks, priests
2. "Those who fight" - feudal nobles, military estate
Royalty who ran a state
Land owning lords such as dukes, counts, princes
Lowest nobility with no land were knights
3. "Those who work" - mostly peasants and serfs
Peasants and Serfs
Those who lived in Towns (Burg = Burghers)
Not an estate in most countries
Grew to become middle class
People had the rights according to the estate they were born into

21. 100 Years War FRANCE VS. ENGLAND Major strains BUT new technology
This is going to be on going (longer than 100 years)
Kings had to get over their belief that their purpose is battle and start dealing with the betterment of their countries
Major strains BUT new technology
Realized they had to replace these noble knights with paid soldiers
France wins

22. 9. The Wests Expansionist impulse
This will so clearly define W. E. later and it all starts now
They moved to many places often with the call of Christ
Eastern Germany and Poland
Spain (taking it back from the Muslims)
Iceland
The Crusades

23. 10. Religious Reform and Evolution
Monastic rules
St. Benedict ( C.E.) provided a set of regulations
Virtues of Benedictine monks: poverty, chastity, and obedience
Western monastic rites differed from Eastern rites
Western rites emphasized work, prayer, service to the poor
Eastern rites were relatively isolated, dedicated to prayer but not outside contacts
The roles of monasteries
Became dominant feature in social and cultural life of western Europe
Accumulated large landholdings but spread knowledge
Wealthy patrons donated land to monks for monasteries
Taught peasants, serfs techniques of farming
Cleared forested lands, planted them
Organized much of rural labor for agriculture
Provided a variety of social services
Inns and shelters for travelers and refugees
Orphanages, medical centers
Schools, libraries and scriptoria
Monks served needs of rural population