1. WHAP Crusades CHAPT 9
Mr Pack

2. WHAP CHAP 9
Eastern half of Roman Empire wealthier- Constantine founds new city of Constantinople (Not Istanbul) on the Bosporus Strait
(Middle Ages or Medieval Times, Dark Ages)
Roman Empire divided in half for more effective Administration in year 395 Rome decline (falls 476 to invaders)
Byzantine Empire continues- attacks from Germanic invaders from W, Sasanids from E

3. Byzantine Map

4. WHAP CHAP 9
Emperor Justinian I (the Great) ruled with Empress Theodora revitalizes Constantinople, expands empire by defeating Sassanids builds splendid church (Hagia Sophia)
Empire expands to N. Africa, Spain, Italy
Justinian creates “Body of Civil Law” (A.K.A. Justinian Code)
Empire shrinks after Justinian (Bulgars, Arabs, Germanic people conquer)

5. Justinian, Theodora Hagia Sophia

6. WHAP CHAP 9
Leo III ( )- institutes inconoclasm (opposes veneration or religious images/icons)
Basil II ( ) resumes expansion of Empire, Bulgars defeated at the Battle of Kleidion in 1014.
Byzantine theocracy- no seperation between church and state, Emperor designates patriarch leader of the church
Monasteries founded, missionaries travel-
Cyril the missionary , creates Cyrillic alphabet to spread word of God, the alphabet was adapted by Russians and Slavs

7. Chapt 9
Great Schism- disagreements over iconoclasm, the pope’s authority, and Rome’s importance causes separation.
Byzantine Empire wealthy due to trade (Mediterranean, silk roads, etc.) silk weaving industry started in 500, forced labor (agriculture)adds to trade- government offers theme system (peasants granted freedom if join military service)
Emperors- limited amount of land landlords could own

8. Chapt 9 Landowners increase power, control more land and resist taxes
Peasant revolts (Basil the copper hand)
Education (a university), Arts, and Hippodrome (an arena) increase splendor of Constantinople
Decline- Normans, and Seljuk Turks increase power and expand (Seljuk Turks defeat Byzantine Empire in 1071 Battle of Manzikert.)

9. Great Schism Map

10. WHAP Chap 9
Defeat leads to Rome, Constantinople allying forces in the Crusades to reclaim the “Holy Land” (Levant) in the Middle East
Byzantine Empire falls in 1453 when Ottoman Turks conquer Constantinople
Vikings encounter Slavs in 800 and conquer them.
Viking Ruler Oleg founds settlement in early 900s (Kievan Rus-Rus means rulers)

11. Whap Chap 9
Kievan Rus city states pay tribute- council of boyars (noble) rule. Elect prince when vacant and serve as war council.
Prince Vladimir I converts to the Orthodox church in 989, along with all his subjects.
Golden Age- strong government during the 10th and 11th centuries , improve education, legal system.
Economy based on slavery (not enough agriculture) –villages must send slaves from among population as tribute

12. CHAPT 9
Kievan Rus declines due to dependence on Byzantine Empire for trade
Kiev invaded by Mongols who conquered them in 1240
This lead to the Khanate of the Golden Horde
Novgorod- independent powerful city state in north, population of 400,000. Great economic center- furs, honey, grains – eventually absorbed into Russian Empire