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“Big” Question How did European partitioning in the Middle East after the breakup of the Ottoman Empire lead to regional conflict? LQ for Today What was.

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Presentation on theme: "“Big” Question How did European partitioning in the Middle East after the breakup of the Ottoman Empire lead to regional conflict? LQ for Today What was."— Presentation transcript:

1 “Big” Question How did European partitioning in the Middle East after the breakup of the Ottoman Empire lead to regional conflict? LQ for Today What was the Ottoman Empire?

2 * * * * * * OTTOMAN EMPIRE - 1451 OTTOMAN EMPIRE - 1481
Belgrade Constantinople Athens Rome Algiers Tunis Tripoli Cairo Damascus Jerusalem Baghdad Medina Mecca NORTH AFRICA ARABIA ASIA MINOR EUROPE Vienna Black Sea Mediterranean Sea Caspian Sea Persian Gulf Hungary * * Caucasus Mts Adriatic Sea Balkans * * * Syria Safavid Empire Egypt OTTOMAN EMPIRE * OTTOMAN EMPIRE Red Sea OTTOMAN EMPIRE OTTOMAN EMPIRE

3 Ottoman origins Turks from central Asia moved west
Took over lands controlled by Byzantine and Persian empires Converted to Islam as contact grew with Muslims 1st leader Osman I Extended into Balkans

4 Ottoman Army Soldiers called janissaries
Captured from Christian families Forced to convert to Islam and trained in arts of warfare Captured city of Constantinople which ended the Byzantine empire

5 Important Leaders & Accomplishments
Mehmed II – changed Constantinople to Istanbul Converted Hagia Sophia (church) to mosque Captured Syria, Jerusalem, Egypt, Algiers, Mecca and Medina

6 Suleiman I – extended empire to
Southern Mediterranean Sea Eastern Europe - Belgrade Further into Balkans Southern Russia North Africa Tried to capture Vienna – unsuccessful Arts, science, math, medicine, libraries, schools

7 Government & Society Run by Sultan
Upper-class families kept women separate into harems Millets – non-Muslim communites (could elect own representatives Non-Muslims – pay tax to follow own faith/customs Limits on where they could live, clothing, and jobs

8 Ottoman & WWI By start of WWI – TOE was weakening
Leaders could not keep large empire together Ethnic groups wanted self-rule (not to be ruled by Sultan far away) European powers grew stronger TOE joined war w/Germany and Italy = LOST

9 End of the Empire New boundaries were determined by European powers
No concern for ethnic groups/religious groups already there Nationalism – pride/love for country Countries are more successful when people there share common culture, history, background

10 Ottoman Empire Under Suleiman
Military expansion Built mosques, monuments Roads, bridges, schools Encouraged the arts and sciences Great literary works Advanced study of mathematics Spread Islam Surgery, medical advancements

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