1. Narcotic analgesic DrugsBY
Dr. Mirza Shahed Baig

2. WHAT IS PAIN Pain is a crucial aspect of the body’s defense mechanisms
Pain “is a part of a rapid warning relay instruction the motor neurons of the central nervous system to minimize detected physical harm ”

3. Some of the most common causes of pain include:
headache
postsurgical pain
post-trauma pain
lower back pain
cancer pain
arthritis pain
neurogenic pain (pain caused by nerve damage)
psychogenic pain (pain that isn’t caused by disease, injury, or nerve damage)

7. Degree of Pain

10. Centrally Acting Analgesics

11. Morphine and its derivatives

12. Sources of Morphines

13. Poppy plant

14. Natural Opium Alkaloids

16. Morphine Side effects

21. Morphine binding to its Receptors

24. MORPHINE MOA

26. Metabolism of Morphine

27. Metabolism of Morphine

28. Chemistry of Morphine

29. Chemistry of Morphine Early Changes on Morphine Nucleus (Before 1929)
Modification carried out by Small, Eddy and Co-workers ( After 1929)
Modification carried out by Eisleb and Shaumann (1938)
Modification carried out by Grewes (After 1946)

30. Early Changes on Morphine Nucleus (Before 1929)

31. Early Changes on Morphine Nucleus (Before 1929)

32. Early Changes on Morphine Nucleus (Before 1929)

33. Modification carried out by Small, Eddy and Co-workers ( After 1929)

35. Modification in Aromatic Ring

36. Modification in Aromatic Ring

37. Modification in Aromatic Ring

38. Modification in Alicyclic Ring

39. Modification in Alicyclic Ring

40. Modification in Alicyclic Ring

41. Modification in Alicyclic Ring

42. Modification in Alicyclic Ring

43. Modification in Tetrahydrofuran Ring

44. Modification at tert. N atom.

45. Modification at tert. N atom.

46. Modification carried out by Eisleb and Shaumann (1938)

47. Modification carried out by Eisleb and Shaumann (1938)
Meperidine Series
Bemidones Series
Prodines Series
Fentanyl Series
Methadone Series

48. Modification carried out by Eisleb and Shaumann (1938)

49. Meperidine, Bemidones, Prodines

50. Fentanyl Series

51. Methadone Series

52. Methadone Series

53. Modification carried out by Grewes (After 1946)

54. Morphinan Series

55. Benzomorphan Series

58. Opioid Antagonists