1. The Civil War & Reconstruction

2. Leading up to the Civil War
Missouri Compromise, Kansas-Nebraska Act, Compromise of 1850
debate over slavery
States rights vs. fed gov’t
Dred Scott case
Federal gov’t accepts slavery
Harper’s Ferry
John Brown
growing violent opp to slavery

3. Start of war Election of 1860 South Carolina
Lincoln
not on ballots in South
South Carolina
1st state to secede due to slavery
Secession: to formally leave the union
Other states follow
Fort Sumter (fed base in the South)
1st Southern military aggression against Union

5. Why war?
Unconstitutional to leave the Union – Lincoln saw this as a declaration of war
South – fighting war to protect slavery and states’ rights
North/Fed. Gov’t –fighting to maintain supremacy of Fed. Gov’t over states and to preserve Union

6. Moral War Abolitionists were always fighting to end slavery
As war goes on, Fed gov’t changes focus of war to issue of morality/ending slavery
Keep other countries out of the war
Keep Americans engaged in the war  easier cause to get behind
Gettysburg Address
Emancipation Proclamation

7. The War Longer than expected
Most Americans died in a single war – 620,000
180,000 African Americans served in the war
54th regiment
Most fought for Union, some forced to fight for Confederacy
Remedial tasks… didn’t get to fight
North’s advantages
Stronger economy and infrastructure
Larger pop
Actually a country – America…The Union
Fighting a moral war
South devastated
Advantages – fighting a defensive war
Disadvantage – smaller pop, weaker economy, less developed infrastructure

8. Natural Rights and the Civil War
Founders had established Natural Rights
Declaration of Independence
Only for white property owners (men)
voting rights
1830s All white men could vote
Civil War
Natural rights and voting rights expanded to include African American (males)

9. Emancipation Proclamation Activity

10. End of the War – Reconstruction
Lincoln wins re-election and 13th amendment passes (ends slavery)
War ends with North win
Robert E. Lee & Ulysses S. Grant sign treaty
determine terms of surrender
Union gov’t trying to determine how to “reconstruct” the country after the war
Had to consider:
How do deal with all the newly freed slaves?
How to bring the south back into the Union?
How to deal with Confederate leadership?

11. Thirteenth Amendment (Lincoln)
Emancipation Proclamation freed only those slaves behind confederate lines
Lincoln needed to figure out what to do about states where slavery still existed
Created the 13th Amendment that abolished slavery completely
“Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States.”

12. Fourteenth Amendment
Once Republicans worked to shift Reconstruction duties from Executive branch to the Legislative branch, Congress created the 14th Amendment
Provided equal protection under the law for all citizens, regardless of race
“All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of laws.”

13. Fifteenth Amendment
Civil war general Ulysses S. Grant is elected into office
15th Amendment is introduced
Prevented states from denying ANYONE the right to vote (men)
“The right of the citizens of the United States to Vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, and previous condition of servitude.”

14. Amendment Fever!!!! Read each scenario
Decide which amendment is being violated in each scenario
Then give your reasoning using specific examples from the amendments
Answer the questions on the back

15. DO NOW
What do you think would be the biggest challenge after the Civil War for Americans? Explain your answer.

16. Reconstruction Plans Lincoln Radical Republicans Johnson
President during war
Comes up with plan towards end of war
Opposed by Congress
Radical Republicans
Radical = extreme views  supported suffrage of all freed African American men
Controlled Congress after Civil War
Johnson
President after Lincoln assassinated
Had to find balance between Republicans and Southern Democrats

17. During Reconstruction
Freedman’s Bureau
Attempted to integrate freed African Americans into Southern society.
Provided funding for black- owned homes, schools, and businesses
More than 2,000 African American men elected to political office.
However, representation not proportionate
Carpetbaggers
Northerners came down to facilitate Reconstruction
Scalawags
Southerners who aided in Reconstruction efforts

18. After Reconstruction Focus shifts to 2nd Industrial Revolution
Urbanization, westward expansion
Southern Democrats
Had supported slavery
Control of Southern states
Disenfranchised Blacks
Jim Crow laws, discriminatory voting requirements
Kept control until 1940’s
“Solid South”
KKK
Created during Reconstruction
Violent/extrajudicial efforts to control changing society

19. Today’s Activity – Plans for Reconstrucion
Read through each plan for Reconstruction
Complete the chart for each plan
Can be bullet points “jot dots”
Must be in your own words!!!
Please stick to the key points. Don’t sweat the details!
Answer wrap-up questions independently

20. Today’s Activity – Plans for Reconstruction
Read through each plan for Reconstruction
Complete the chart for each plan
Roots of Democracy = rule of law, representative gov’t, consent of the governed, checks and balances, individual rights
Principles of the Constitution = separation of power, popular sovereignty, limited gov’t, federalism, checks and balances
Answer wrap-up questions independently