1. The Organization of Life
Ch. 4 Sect. 1 and 3!
The Organization of Life

2. Section 1 Objectives
Distinguish between the biotic and abiotic factors in an ecosystem.
Describe how a population differs from a species.
Explain how habitats are important for organisms.

3. the study of the relationship between organisms and their environment.
Ecology
the study of the relationship between organisms and their environment.

4. Ecosystem –
all the biotic and abiotic factors in an environment, functioning together

5. Biotic Bio = living all the living things within an ecosystem
Ex: animals, bacteria, plants

6. Abiotic A = no or non Bio = living
all the non-living thing in and ecosystem
Ex: temperature, soil, sunlight

7. Biotic or Abiotic? Oak tree Air Dead leaves Rocks Sun light Wolf
Temperature
Flowers
Climate
Bacteria
Dung
Owl pellets
Water
Termites
Soil
Deer carcass

8. Biotic or Abiotic? Oak tree (B) Air (A) Dead leaves (B) Rocks (A)
Sun light (A)
Wolf (B)
Temperature (A)
Flowers (B)
Climate (A)
Bacteria (B)
Dung (B)
Owl pellets (B)
Water (A)
Termites (B)
Soil (A)
Deer carcass (B)

9. The Levels of Organization
Small to Big
Subatomic particles
Atoms
Molecules
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ System

10. Levels of Organization Cont.
Organism
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Biosphere

11. Organism – an individual living thing
Any form of life

12. Species
Group of organisms that can breed (mate) to produce viable (or fertile) offspring
Ex: humans = Homo sapiens
Ex: gorillas = Gorilla gorilla =
Not Viable

14. Population
A group of organisms living together in the same place at the same time!

15. Community
Many populations of species living and interacting with each other in the same place at the same time

16. Niche vs. Habitat Habitat – place where an organism lives It’s address
Niche – total way of life or role of a species
It’s “job”

17. Powder broken down by decomposers into plant nutrients in soil
What is the habitat? What are their niches?
Fig. 4.15, p. 75
Mushroom
Wood
reduced
to powder
Long-horned
beetle holes
Bark beetle
engraving
Carpenter
ant
galleries
Termite and
carpenter
work
Dry rot fungus
Detritus feeders
Decomposers
Time progression
Powder broken down by decomposers
into plant nutrients in soil

18. Niches Where they feed and live is different.
Bay-Breasted Warbler
Feeds in the middle
part of the tree
Yellow-Rumped Warbler
Feeds in the lower part of the tree and
at the bases of the middle branches
Cape May Warbler
Feeds at the tips of branches
near the top of the tree
Spruce tree
Three Species of Warblers and Their Niches
Where they feed and live is different.

19. Section 3 Objectives
Name the six kingdoms of organisms and identify two characteristics of each.
Explain the importance of bacteria and fungi in the environment.
Describe the importance of protists in the ocean environment.
Describe how angiosperms and animals depend on each other.
Explain why insects are such successful animals.

20. Diversity of Living Things
Scientists use characteristics of organisms to break them up into different categories (taxons)
Taxonomy – the study of how to break organisms into different taxons based on their characteristics

21. Taxonomy Ken Poured Coffee On Fran’s Good Skirt Kingdom Phylum Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Primates
Hominidae
Homo
Homo sapiens

22. The Six Kingdoms Archaebacteria Eubacteria Fungi Protists Plants
Animals

23. Archaebacteria Microscopic Single-celled Asexual reproduction
No Nucleus
Found in extreme places, hot springs, swamps

24. Eubacteria Microscopic Single-celled Asexual reproduction No Nucleus
Very common
Found in soil and animals

25. Fungi (Fungus – singular)
Has a nucleus
Has a cell wall
Underground network of fibers
Mushroom are the reproductive parts
Decomposers

26. Protists Most are single-celled Live in water
Plant-like (kelp) and animals-like

27. Plants Many cells Cell walls Make their own food
Have vascular tissue to help support them
Two types
Angiosperms
gymnosperms

28. Gymnosperms Have needle-like leaves Ex: Pine trees and evergreens
Produce seeds that are not in a fruit
Produce pollen

29. Angiosperms Most land plants Flowering plants
Produce seeds in a fruit structure
Produce pollen in the flower
Make up most of the food we eat

30. Animals Can’t make their own food No cell walls Soft, flexible bodies
Mobile
Two types
Vertibrates
invertibrates

31. Invertebrates
No backbone
Most live in water
Insect live on land

32. Vertebrates
Have backbones