1. Literary Terms & devices
Text elements, Rhetorical strategies & Devices

2. Text elements Setting Character Time and place of a story
A person or animal in a story
Protagonist: main character; conflict revolves around this character
Antagonist: person/force who opposes the protagonist
Dynamic: character changes as a result of story events
Static: character remains the same throughout story
Round: character displays several personality traits
Flat: character displays one personality trait

3. Text elements Characterization Point of View
Process the author uses to reveal a character’s personality
Direct: author states character personality trait(s)
Indirect: author provides clues about a character’s personality
Methods of Indirect Characterization – physical description, how character talks, how others treat the character, thoughts/feelings/actions
Point of View
Perspective from which story is told
1st Person: one character telling story; I, me, my we, our…
3rd Person Limited: narrator reveals the thoughts of one character
3rd Person Omniscient: “all-knowing” narrator; reveals thoughts of all characters

4. Text elements Plot Conflict Sequence of events in a story
Exposition: provides background info (setting, introduces characters and conflict)
Rising Action: series of events/complications that lead to the climax
Climax: turning point of story; point of highest emotion or intensity
Falling Action: logical results of the climax; some conflicts resolved
Resolution/Denouement: final outcome of story; final resolution of conflicts (some may be unresolved)
Conflict
Struggle between two opposing forces
Internal: character struggles within his/her mind; usually complex, difficult decision
External: character struggles with an outside force
Man vs. Society
Man vs. Nature
Man vs. man

5. Rhetorical strategies
Persuasive techniques; ways to appeal to the reader/audience
Ethos: appealing to morals and ethics
Based on writer’s character and credibility; in advertisements, using a dentist to recommend a particular toothpaste
Pathos: appealing to morals and ethics
Logos: appealing to morals and ethics