1. Bacteria
Chapter 2 Lesson 2

2. Cell Structure
Prokaryotic – genetic material is free in the cytoplasm rather than enclosed in a nucleus as in a eukaryotic cell
Cell Wall
Cytoplasm
DNA

3. Functions of Cell Parts
Cell Wall – protects the cell & provides structure & support
Cell Membrane – controls what materials come in and out of the cell.
Cytoplasm – fluid in the cell containing organelles and genetic material and allows structures to move within the cell
Ribosomes – organelles which produce proteins
Genetic material – DNA contains the information for all the cell functions

4. Energy & Reproduction Obtaining food:
Autotrophs using photosynthesis or chemosynthesis
Heterotrophs consume other organisms & often serve as decomposers in the environment
Reproduction
Binary fission: asexual reproduction in which one bacteria divides to form two identical cells.
Each cell receives a copy of genetic information
Conjugation: sexual reproduction in which one bacteria transfers some DNA to another bacteria.
Results in new combinations of genes
Endospores
Form when conditions are not favorable for bacterial growth
A thick-walled cell that can withstand extreme conditions for many years until conditions improve.

5. Bacteria’s Role in Nature
Oxygen production:
autotrophic bacteria that use photosynthesis supply oxygen to the atmosphere
Food production:
cheese & yogurt are examples of foods produced with the help of bacteria
Health/Medicine:
bacteria in your digestive tract help to digest your food and provide vitamins your body needs.
Bacteria are also used to produce medicine like insulin.
Environment:
bacteria help clean up oil spills and are natures recyclers.
decomposers break down dead organisms and return those compounds into the soil.
Nitrogen fixing bacteria live near plant roots and convert nitrogen gas to the nitrogen plants need to grow.

6. Disease
Bacteria can cause disease in humans, other animals, and plants
Common diseases in Humans:
Strep throat: Streptococcus pyogenesoften If left untreated, becomes scarlet fever and can affect the health of your heart
Pneumonia: Streptococcus pneumoniae Attacks the alveoli (air sacs) in your lungs
Tuberculosis: aggressive bacteria that attacks your lungs. Treating TB is difficult
Food poisoning: E. coli, Salmonella, Listeria are common causes