1. The Punic Wars
Copyright © Clara Kim All rights reserved.

2. Roman Legion Divided into infantry and cavalry 5,000 Soldiers
Every citizen had to serve for 10 years

3. Roman Legion
Divided into smaller groups of 80 men called a century

4. Roman Power Grows Roman power grew slowly and steadily
Eventually conquered all of Italy

5. The Defeated People The New Roman People
Rome was lenient to the people they conquered
They were allowed to be full citizens if they lived on the Tiber
Those who lived further away had citizenship but could not vote.

6. The Punic Wars
Eventually Rome and Carthage began to fight over trade in the Mediterranean Sea
They fought 3 battles

7. Carthage had been founded as Phoenician colony 500 years earlier
Dispute over control of Sicily and trade routes in the western Mediterranean brought Rome into conflict with the powerful North African city-state of Carthage
Carthage
Carthage had been founded as Phoenician colony 500 years earlier
Result was the three Punic Wars BC

8. Why did the Wars happen?
Both Rome and Carthage had central locations in the Mediterranean Basin.
They were competing over control of trade routes in and around the sea.

9. The 1ST Punic War Dates: 265 – 241 BCE
Fought over control of 3 Islands that lie in between Africa and the Italian Peninsula of Europe
Sicily
Corsica
Sardinia

10. The 1ST Punic War Rome Carthage Strong/large Military
Strong experienced navy
Large warship
Quinquereme
Mainly sea battles
Best military soldiers at the time
Small, inexperienced navy

11. Turning Point Roman Inventions Corvus: Long ladder with a hook on it
Roman ships sailed close to Carthaginian ships and hooked the two ships together
Effect: turned Naval battles into mini-land battles… which the Romans were very good at.

12. Results: The 1st Punic War
The Roman advancements enabled them to defeat the Carthaginians.
Rome wins the 1st Punic War!
Carthage has to give up Sicily and pay Rome a huge indemnity (fees for damages).

13. The Second Punic War Hannibal’s Surprise
Carthage was led by HANNIBAL a Military Genius.
He used 50,000 men, 9,000 cavalry and 38 elephants.
Hannibal’s Surprise
The Carthaginian army marched through Spain and turned south through the Alps to Rome.
He picked up mercenaries (private paid soldiers) in both areas along the way.
No one had attacked the city of Rome before

14. Crossing the rivers in Spain

15. Traveled across the Alps
Hannibal lost half his men and 37 elephants

16. The Second Punic War
For 10 years Hannibal pillaged northern Italy
Finally a Roman general name SCIPIO defeated Hannibal.

17. Coming of the THIRD PUNIC WAR
Carthage was finished after Second Punic War
Effects of the 2nd Punic War
Hannibal committed suicide
Economy shattered
Lost all territory to Rome
Feared Carthage’s Revenge. They would rise again to attack Rome for a 3rd time
Notably Cato the Elder, Roman Senator
Pushed for another war that would wipe Carthage off the face of the map
Cato the Elder

18. The Third Punic War By this time, Carthage was no longer a threat.
Cato a influential senator reminded them of the terror Hannibal laid on Italy.
Romans destroy Carthage and sold all of Carthaginians into slavery!

19. ROME WINS A THIRD TIME Effect of the 3rd Punic War Easy Victory
Entire population of city sold into slavery
Took all their valuable to Rome
Everything else burned and dumped into the sea
Site sown with salt so that nothing would ever grow there again
Carthage completely disappeared

20. Rome In Control
Victory in the Punic Wars gave Rome control of the Mediterranean Basin

21. Rome drawn into the affairs of the successor kingdoms
Took over Greece, Macedonia, some of Asia Minor, Syria, Aegean and eastern Mediterranean islands by 133 BC
Rome drawn into the affairs of the successor kingdoms
Rome eventually became weary of playing this endless refereeing role and realized that the continued independence of the successor kingdoms threaten Roman interests
Successor kingdom increasingly called on Roman aid in their incessant wars against each other
Rome always responded in the belief that achieving a balance of power in the east was better than having one successor kingdom become too powerful and challenge Rome
Effect on the Roman World

22. Pictures Cited Slide 1 – http://www.crystalinks.com/punicwars.jpg