1. Disease and Vaccinations
AGRI 3364

2. Disease Control What effects disease control?
Management
Well fed
Well managed healthy horses
Which are not subjected to undue stress
Vaccinations alone will not
Prevent disease

3. Disease Control
Incidence of infectious disease tends to increase with what?
Numbers
What other factors influence disease?
Environment and Management
Quarantine may be necessary for new horses

4. Vaccinations Disease control programs may vary according to? Age Type
Number
Stocking Density
Facilities
Geographic Location
Potential Exposure to Individual Diseases

5. Diseases Tetanus Caused by Clostridium tetani
Spores can live in soil for many years
Not contagious
Deep puncture wounds or open lacerations
Act by preventing relaxation
“Sawhorse” stance
Become unable to eat or drink
Finally cease to breathe

6. Diseases Tetanus Yearly booster for all horses
Pregnant mares 4 – 6 wks before foaling
Tetanus antitoxin also available for short time protection

7. Diseases Equine Encephalomyelitis AKA Sleeping Sickness
Eastern, Western, and Venezuelan Strains
Transmitted by mosquitoes
Not contagious horse to horse
Causes degeneration of the brain
High Fever
Mild Depression
Loss of Appetite

8. Diseases Equine Encephalomyelitis Paralysis eventually occurs
Eating and Drinking Cease
Annual Vaccination Suggested
4 to 6 months before foaling
Foal vaccination at 3 to 4 months

9. Diseases Influenza Most common infectious respiratory disease
Highly contagious
Virus – can travel 35 yards
Effects lungs causing discharge and coughing
Fever up to 106
Recovery within 10 days generally
Viruses continually evolving
Vaccination schedules vary

10. Diseases Equine Herpesvirus AKA Rhinopneumonitis Type 1 and Type 4
Both infect respiratory tract
Similar characteristics to flu
Type 1 causes abortions
Type 4 commonly found in
Young horses entering into training
Mares to be vaccinated at 5, 7, & 9 months

11. Diseases Strangles Bacterium Streptococcus equi
Primarily effects young horses
AKA distemper or barn fever
Transmitted by direct contact also water troughs, etc.
Fever, depression, sore throat, enlarged lymph nodes
Vaccines are not completely effective
Vaccine schedules vary

12. Diseases Rabies Neurological Disease
Must be bitten by infected wildlife
Negra bodies in brain
Fatal

13. Diseases Equine Infectious Anemia
Caused by a virus closely related to human immunodeficiency virus
Once infected always infected
Most common transmitters are?
Flys
Coggins test
If positive is suggested to euthanize

14. Diseases West Nile Disease Mosquito Borne virus
First detected in US in 1999
Causes encephalitis
No treatment known at this time
Vaccine available now

15. Diseases Equine Protozoal Myoencephalitis (EPM)
First Recognized in mid 1970’s
Can affect any horse
Caused by ingestion of protozoa
Lead to in coordination
Vaccine and treatment now available

16. Diseases Vesicular Stomatitis Virus
Causes lesions, excessive salivation, and drooling
Generally breakouts occur in warm months
Looks similar to foot and mouth disease
Transmission not clear
No specific treatment or cure
Supportive Care