1. Answers:
1. Trial by Jury only 2. False (every 10 years) 3. Habeas Corpus (immediate presentation of charges); lawyer; speedy trial. 4. January 3 5. January Proposed change, as in a Constitution 7. Life (with good behavior) 8. Nine 9. Yes 10. Affirm In God We Trust 13. False 14. U.S. Constitution 15. The governor 16. Six 17. Two 18. Executive 19. Congress 20. Population (as determined by census) less untaxed Indians 21. Cruel and unusual 22. True 23. State and local 24. Russia 25. Criminal 26. False 27. Militia 28. House of Representatives, Senate 29. House of Representatives 30. Virginia

2. Legal Segregation and Discrimination
Civil Rights I
Legal Segregation and Discrimination

3. Civil Rights: Civil Rights: Individual freedoms
Ability to participate in society and politics

4. Civil Rights in America:
Declaration of Independence
United States Constitution
United States Bill of Rights
State laws

5. Civil Rights Denied:
Jim Crow Laws: state/local laws and social customs requiring segregation
Education
Marriage and Family
Public Accommodation

6. Civil Rights Denied: Plessy v. Ferguson (1896):
Segregation upheld by Supreme Court
“Separate but equal”

7. Document #1: Utah State Law
The following marriages are prohibited and void
Between a negro and white person.
Between a Mongolian, member of the Malay race or a mulatto, quadroon, or octoroon, and a white person.

8. Document #2: Lynching picture

9. Document #3: Texas Poll Tax Receipt

10. Fighting for Civil Rights: Legal System
Founded in 1909, the NAACP is the nation’s oldest civil rights organization. Throughout the 1920s and 1930s, the association led the black civil rights struggle in fighting injustices such as the denial of voting rights, racial violence, discrimination in employment, and segregated public facilities. Dedicated to the goal of an integrated society, the national leadership has always been interracial, although the membership has remained predominantly African American.
Fighting for Civil Rights: Legal System
NAACP: National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
Founded: 1909
Goal: Integrated Society
Anti lynching legislation
Voting Rights
Education
Due process of law

11. NAACP: Attacks Segregation
NAACP Attacks Segregated Schools
Houston University Lawyers
Thurgood Marshall: “Mr. Civil Rights”
“The complete destruction of all enforced segregation is now in sight. . .We are going to insist on non-segregation in American public education from top to bottom—from law school to kindergarten.”
—Thurgood Marshall, 1950

12. Brown V. Board of Education (1954):
Supreme Court rules on “Separate but Equal.”
-Plaintiff:
-Parents of African American Students in Topeka, Kansas
- Represented by Thurgood Marshall
-Defendant:
State of Kansas

13. Segregated School damage Kids:
Doll Test:

14. Brown V. Board of Education
Segregationist’s Argument:
1.The Constitution did not require white and African American children to attend the same schools.
2.Social separation of blacks and whites was a regional custom; the states should be left free to regulate their own social affairs.
3. Segregation was not harmful to black people.
4. Whites were making a good faith effort to equalize the two educational systems. But because black children were still living with the effects of slavery, it would take some time before they were able to compete with white children in the same classroom.
-Write a counter for each argument

15. Brown Vs. Board of Education: Decision
Decision: Chief Justice Earl Warren and the Warren Court
-Separate is unequal; violates 14th amendment
-Psychologically damages kids
-Overrules Plessy v. Fergusson
“Segregation of white and colored children in public schools has a detrimental effect upon the colored children. The impact is greater when it has the sanction of the law, for the policy of separating the races is usually interpreted as denoting the inferiority of the Negro group...Any language in contrary to this finding is rejected. We conclude that in the field of public education the doctrine of ‘separate but equal’ has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal. “
—Earl Warren, Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court