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Timeline Make a timeline of the following events on the back of your map. Include a sentence about why that event was significant. Peloponnesian war 431-404.

Published byΘέκλα Εφροσύνη Καλογιάννης Modified over 5 years ago

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Presentation on theme: "Timeline Make a timeline of the following events on the back of your map. Include a sentence about why that event was significant. Peloponnesian war 431-404."— Presentation transcript:

1 Timeline Make a timeline of the following events on the back of your map. Include a sentence about why that event was significant. Peloponnesian war bce Conquest of Alexander bce Roman Republic founded 509 bce Persian War 499 bce Punic Wars bce Roman Empire 49bce-476ce Trojan War 1250 bce Conquest of Philip II bce Assassination of Julius Caesar 44bce Kingdom of Rome bce

2 Chapter 5: Greece, Iran (Persia), and Rome
B.C.E

3 Ancient Iran Geography (prone to invasions) and Resources (didn’t have much) Iran’s location, bounded by mountains, deserts, and the Persian Gulf, left it open to attack from Central Asian nomads Sumer Babylon Assyria Persia

4 The Rise of the Persian Empire
The Persian Empire was built up by a series of three kings: Cyrus, Cambyses, and Darius I

5 Persepolis Persepolis Darius I began the elaborate citadel; his son, Xerxes, continued its construction; and his grandson, Artaxerxes I, completed the magnificent city of Persepolis, which was a confluence of styles--Median, Mesopotamian, Egyptian, and Greek. Only portions of the audience hall remain. (George Holton/Photo Researchers, Inc.) Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

6 Imperial Organization and Ideology
From Darius on, the empire was divided into twenty provinces; a satrap who was related or connected to the royal court administered each province Provinces were required to pay annual tribute

7 The Persian kings developed a style of kingship in which they were powerful masters of all their subjects and nobles They held vast amounts of land. Kings acted as lawgivers, but allowed each people of the empire to live in accordance with its own traditions

8 Religion of Persia The major religion of the Persian Empire was Zoroastrianism. The origins of this religion are unclear Zoroastrianism shows the existence of a dualistic universe in which the god of good, Ahuramazda, was locked in an epic struggle against the god of evil, Angra Mainyu Zoroastrianism is one of the world's oldest monotheistic religions. It was founded by the Prophet Zoroaster (or Zarathustra) in ancient Iran approximately 3500 years ago. For 1000 years Zoroastrianism was one of the most powerful religions in the world. It was the official religion of Persia (Iran) from 600 BCE to 650 CE. It is now one of the world's smallest religions. In 2006 the New York Times reported that there were probably less than 190,000 followers worldwide at that time. Zoroastrians believe there is one God called Ahura Mazda (Wise Lord) and He created the world. Zoroastrians are not fire-worshippers, as some Westerners wrongly believe. Zoroastrians believe that the elements are pure and that fire represents God's light or wisdom. Ahura Mazda revealed the truth through the Prophet, Zoroaster. Zoroastrians traditionally pray several times a day. Zoroastrians worship communally in a Fire Temple or Agiary. The Zoroastrian book of Holy Scriptures is called The Avesta.

9 The Struggle of Persia and Greece, 526–323 b.c.e
In 499 b.c.e. the Greek in the Middle East, staged a five-year revolt against Persian rule This led to the Persian Wars—two Persian attacks on Greece. In the First Persian War, the generals of Darius I captured Eretria and attacked Athens (490 b.c.e.) The attack on Athens was foiled when Athenian forces defeated the Persians at Marathon.

10 Xerxes I (artist depiction)
In the Second Persian War, Xerxes led a large army and a fleet against the Greeks in 480 b.c.e. Many Greek city-states submitted In southern Greece, Sparta organized the Hellenic League, an alliance of city-states that defeated the Persians

11 Greek Forms of Government
Monarchy- early in history, rejected before the “classical age” Tyrants- a few notable reformers (Cleisthenes instituted a legislature) Aristocracy Sparta, Corinth, and early Athens Democracy- grew under the Aristocratic reformer, Pericles

12 Sparta vs Athens Oligarchy Citizens—native born Spartan men over 30
State-owned slaves Strict control Military virtues Fitness & health Prohibit trade or travel Scorns wealth Women obey men; can own property Glorify the individual Limited citizenship Direct democracy Male citizens participate in govt Slaves have no polt rights or freedom Military and academic training for boys Trade with city-states Limited rights for women

13 The Height of Athenian Power, 480–323 b.c.e
Pericles- issued in Direct Democracy The Classical period of Greek history (480–323 b.c.e.) was marked by the dominant role of Athens Athenian power was based on the Athenian navy The keys to the strength of the Athenian navy were technological innovation and the use of lower-class men as rowers Trireme

14 Direct Democracy in Athens under Pericles
Attributed to Statesmen Pericles Council Meetings every 10 days Officials chosen by lot Received a stipend All Citizens could vote Landowners Men Born in Athens Trial by Jury

15 Sparta wins, strips Athens of its fleet
Peloponnesian War Athens Delian League Pericles- argued against war The pitfalls of Democracy Plague kills 1/3 of Athens Sparta Peloponnesian League Sparta aligns themselves with Persia Lasts 27 years Brutal/ atrocities Sparta wins, strips Athens of its fleet Did not burn Athens

16 Alexander the Great Makes an Empire
Macedonian

17

18

19

20 How did early states and empires grow in number, size, population, and how did they compete for resources? What were imperial cities, for example Persepolis, like? What hierarchies did they have? What was the political structure of Mediterranean societies of Greece and Rome? How did they interact with other societies? How and why have the institutions of government changed over time?

21 Religion in Greece and Rome
No world class religion Did have gods and goddesses that had literary traditions (like who?) and rituals Rome Copied Greek gods and goddess but gave them different names Christianity (later on)

22 Interactions in Greece and Rome
Fought Persia (the empire, not the chart) Peloponnesian Wars Alexander the Great conquering stuff Trade among city-states Trade in Mediterranean Rome Punic Wars Caesars expanding Trade in Mediterranean Empire ends 476 ce because of invasions

23 Important People – taboo cards
Cyprus the Great Darius II Xerxes Pericles Phillip II Alexander the Great Hannibal Julius Caesar Augustus Caesar Diocletian Constantine Cicero Aristotle Plato Socrates Ptolemy Euclid Sophocles Homer

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