1. NANO-TECH: NEW FRONTIER OF SCIENCE
By Dr. Rajeshkumar H. Acharya
25 December ©MarkPatent.Org

2. 25 December 2005 ©MarkPatent.Org
NANOTECHNOLOGY
Derives from nanometer, which is one-thousandth of a micrometer (micron), or 10–9 of a meter
The study, manipulation and manufacture of ultra-small structures and machines made of as few as one molecule
25 December ©MarkPatent.Org

3. SOME NANOTECHNOLOGY MILESTONES
Years
Events
1959
Feyman delivers “Plenty of romms at the bottom”talk
1974
First molecular electronic device patent filed
1981
Scanning tunneling microscope (STM) invented
1985
Buckyballs discovered
1986
Atomic force microscope (AFM) invented
1987
“Engines of Creation” published
1988
Quantization of electrical conductance observed
1991
First single-electron transistor created
1993
First “designer protein” created
1997
Carbon nanotubes discovered
1999
First nanotechnology lab in the US
2000
DNA-based nanomechanical device created
2001
Molecular-scale computer switch created
25 December ©MarkPatent.Org

4. 25 December 2005 ©MarkPatent.Org

5. 25 December 2005 ©MarkPatent.Org
DEFINITIONS
NANOPARTICLE : A collection of tens of thousands of atoms measuring about nanometer in diameter
NANOCRYTAL: Used to describe these nanoparticles
COLLOIDAL OR COLLOIDAL CRYSTAL: Synthesized nanopartical - dispersed or suspended in a stabilizing medium
NANOLAYERS: Arranged or assembled nanoparticles in to ordered layers
NANOTUBES: Fullerene-like “chicken-wire” construction of carbon atoms
25 December ©MarkPatent.Org

6. IMPORTANT AREAS OF APPICATION
Surface functionalisation and refinement:
Nanoparticles to conventional coatings yields new and improved nano-based colour effects
Examples are:
Antireflective surfaces
Sunshade glazing
Antireflective coating for instrument panels
25 December ©MarkPatent.Org

7. 25 December 2005 ©MarkPatent.Org
Catalysis, chemistry and materials synthesis:
Surface active membranes, anoporous (bio) filters and adsorption agents can be optimized form the nanotechnology point of view
Biomimetic enzyme-like catalysts which have advantages over enzymes, including use in extreme reaction conditions.
25 December ©MarkPatent.Org

8. 25 December 2005 ©MarkPatent.Org
Energy conversion and use:
Enhance the efficiency of energy conversion - e.g. use of naotechnological materials in solar cells and fuel cells
Super-condensers with batteries for traction purposes - e.g. storing braking energy in electric cars
25 December ©MarkPatent.Org

9. 25 December 2005 ©MarkPatent.Org
Construction:
Improves the mechanical properties, lightweight construction, hardness, wear resistance, high-temperature applications, also in mass applications like plastic casings or cladding
Thermal insulation for buildings
Façade design
Interior
25 December ©MarkPatent.Org

10. 25 December 2005 ©MarkPatent.Org
Nanosensors and actuators:
Magnetic field sensors
Infrared sensors
Chemosensors
25 December ©MarkPatent.Org

11. 25 December 2005 ©MarkPatent.Org
Data processing and transmission:
Nanoelectronics in the field of data processing and transmission are electronic, optical and optoelectronic components
DNA computing
25 December ©MarkPatent.Org

12. 25 December 2005 ©MarkPatent.Org
Life sciences
Chemical analysis and diagnostics, nanotechnological production of active ingredients, precise delivery of active ingredients, and production of biocompatible materials and surfaces Viruses and cell types identification
Ultra-small sensors- external stresses and the physiological state of the organism
Nanomachines
25 December ©MarkPatent.Org

13. 25 December 2005 ©MarkPatent.Org
Security and defence:
Unmanned and autonomous systems, improved weapons, and innovative materials in air, sea and space could be further reinforced by nanotechnology
Nanoscale powders for use in propellants and explosives, enhancing the energy yield and speed of explosion
25 December ©MarkPatent.Org

14. 25 December 2005 ©MarkPatent.Org
Automotive industry:
Nanoparticles as a filler in car tyres
Antireflective coatings
Nanoparticle-reinforced polymers and metals
Nanotechnologically modified adhesive
technologies and adhesive primers
Catalytic nanoparticles as a fuel additive
Nanoporous filters to minimise the emission of particles on the nanometer scale
Hydrophile surface coatings as anti-fogging coatings
“Self-healing" coatings, e.g. through self-
organisation
25 December ©MarkPatent.Org

15. 25 December 2005 ©MarkPatent.Org
Textile industry:
Crease resistance, breathing properties, wear resistance, spot and water repellence, antistatic properties, active ingredient storage or fire protection
25 December ©MarkPatent.Org

16. EXAMPLES OF NANOTECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS:
Giant Magnetoresitance
Kodak; filters; cosmetics; infrared low observable special windows;
Hard coatings
Dispersions with optoelectronic properties, high reactivity
Chemical and Bio-detectors
Advance Drug delivery systems
Chemical-Mechanical Polishing with Nanoparticel Slurries
New Generation of Lasers
Nanostructured Catalysts
Broad revolutionary technology
A dental-bounding agent
Protective and glare-reducing coating for eyeglasses
Light-weight, stronger tennis racquets
Stain-free clothing and mattresses
25 December ©MarkPatent.Org

17. PATENT AND NANOTECHNOLOGY
IN 2003
5,228 nanotech-related patents in US
926 nanotech-related patents in JAPAN
684 nanotech-related patents in GERMANY
244 nanotech-related patents in CANADA
183 nanotech-related patents in FRANCE
25 December ©MarkPatent.Org

18. CLASSIFICATION OF NANOTECHNOLOGY
International Patent Classification and European Classification ECLA are likely to be common to most nanotechnology invention- B81 “Micro-structural technology” and B82 “Nano-technology”.
25 December ©MarkPatent.Org

19. 25 December 2005 ©MarkPatent.Org
PATENT LANDSCAPE
Search Term
No. of Patents
Nanotechnology 99
Nanostructured
434
Nanofabrication 72
Nanodevice 10
Nanoprobe 14
Nanomechanical 23
Nanotube
164
Carbon nanotube
129
Molecular switch 56
Nanocluster 44
Nanomagnetic 2
25 December ©MarkPatent.Org

20. RISKS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY
 Goo
Grey Goo
Green Goo
Toxicity
Weapons
25 December ©MarkPatent.Org

21. 25 December 2005 ©MarkPatent.Org
Thank You
25 December ©MarkPatent.Org