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Natural and Synthetic Fibers
Textiles Natural and Synthetic Fibers
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Fibers All fabrics are made from small, hair-like fibers
Fibers can be separated into two categories Natural Synthetic (manufactured)
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Natural Fibers Come from plants and animals General Characteristics
Animals = protein fibers Plants = cellulosic fibers General Characteristics Hydrophilic (Absorb Water) Comfortable to wear Most wrinkle easily Durable
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Natural Fibers Cotton Flax (Linen) Wool Silk Ramie Leather Specialty
Mohair (goat) Camel Cashmere (goat) Angora (rabbit Llama Can be expensive….Why? Hard to collect and process
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Cotton Advantages Strong, durable Soft Absorbs moisture Breathes well
Washes easily Cheap
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Cotton disadvantages Mildews Does not spring back into shape
Wrinkles easily Burns readily Shrinks
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Care of Cotton Machine washable
May shrink if washed or dried at high temperatures Iron at high temperature
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Clothing/Fashion Uses
Blouses Dresses Skirts Underwear Shirts Jeans Sportswear
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Flax (Linen) Advantages
STRONG Absorbs moisture Comfortable in warm weather Washes easily
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Linen disadvantages Mildews WRINKLES Burns easily Shrinks
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Care of Linen Wash or Dry Clean, CHECK LABEL Iron at HIGH temperature
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Clothing/Fashion uses
Blouses Dresses Skirts Suits
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Wool Advantages WARM Durable ABSORBENT Dyes well
Resilient (returns to original shape quickly) – very elastic due to natural crimp Resists wrinkling Fire Retardant
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Wool Disadvantages Requires special care
Shrinks sometimes if washed, or dried in dryer Absorbs odors Requires protection against insects (moths)
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Care of Wool Dry Clean or Hand Wash and Dry flat
Iron at low temperature
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Clothing/Fashion uses
Knit garments Sweaters Gloves Skirts Coats Sportswear Socks Suits slacks
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Silk Advantages Smooth Lustrous Strong Dries quickly Luxurious
Drapable, soft Resists mildew Resists wrinkles
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Silk Disadvantages Shows water spots (sweat, perfumes, hairspray)
Sensitive to light
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Care of silk Dry clean or handwash, check label
Iron wrong side at low temperature
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Clothing/Fashion uses
Skirts Blouses Dresses Neckties Scarves Lingerie Sweaters
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Synthetic (Manufactured) Fibers
Made in factories from raw materials Fibrous substance found in plants = cellulosic Chemicals = noncellulosic Characteristics Hydrophobic (water resistant) Promote static cling Heat Sensitive Many pill Most are wrinkle resistant
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Synthetic Fibers Acetate Acrylic Nylon Polyester Rayon Spandex (Lycra)
Aramid (Kevlar, Nomex) Olefin Triacetate Modacrylic
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Rayon Advantages Soft and comfortable High moisture absorbency
Drapeable Dyes well Good sheen
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Rayon disadvantages May wrinkle, stretch, or shrink May mildew
Lacks strength Heat sensitive
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Care of Rayon Usually machine washable
Retains appearance better if dry cleaned Iron at low temperature
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Clothing/Fashion uses
Dresses Skirts Lingerie Blouses
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Nylon Advantages Very Strong Resilient Lustrous Dries quickly
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Nylon disadvantages May yellow or gray Builds up static cling
Heat Sensitive Low moisture absorbency
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Care of Nylon Easily laundered Fabric softener to reduce static
Iron at low temperature
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Clothing/Fashion uses
Sportswear Jackets Raincoats Backpacks Purses
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Polyester advantages Excellent WRINKLE RESISTANCE
Resistant to abrasion Dries quickly Blends well with other fibers Retains heat-set pleats and creases
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Polyester Disadvantages
Absorbs oily stains Builds up static electricity Low absorbency of moisture
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Care of Polyester Remove oily stains immediately Easily laundered
Use fabric softener to reduce static Needs little or no pressing
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Clothing/Fashion uses
Pants Shirts Suits Sportswear Skirts
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Acrylic Advantages Soft Warm Wool-like Light weight Wrinkle resistant
Resistant to moths and sunlight Retains shape
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Acrylic Disadvantages
Pills Static electricity Does not absorb moisture Heat sensitive
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Care of Acrylic Machine washable
Use fabric softener to reduce static cling Iron at low temperature
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Clothing/Fashion uses
Sweaters Knit garments Faux Fur Coats Pants Skirts Shoe soles
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Fabric Blends Created to utilize the positive characteristics of each fiber Usually one natural and one synthetic Example: Polyester/cotton blend More wrinkle resistant, stronger, and mildew resistant
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The End…
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