1. DOCTORAL EDUCATION – IN SWEDEN AND AT MALMO UNIVERSITY TAJIK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY National Erasmus+ Office in Tajikistan
Barot Gadoev

2. European Qualifications Framework (EQF)
EQF is an attempt to compare national educational qualifications from different countries. The European Parliament and the European Commission approved the EQF as a reference on April 23, 2008.
Eight qualification levels defined in the EQF, which are described in terms of the fact that the educated person knows, understands and is able to do, regardless of the system in which the qualification was obtained
Qualifications frameworks - are the basis for comparison and recognition of learning outcomes (knowledge, skills, competence) in different countries.
Levels do not have names. Each level is defined by three "descriptors": knowledge, skills and competence.

3. Learning outcomes of the third cycle in the European Qualifications Framework (EQF)
Knowledge at the most advanced frontier of a field of work or study and at the interface between fields
Skills. The most advanced and specialized skills and techniques, including synthesis and evaluation, required to solve critical problems in research and/or innovation and to extend and redefine existing knowledge or professional practice
Competence: Demonstrate substantial authority, innovation, autonomy, scholarly and professional integrity and sustained commitment to the development of new ideas or processes at the forefront of work or study contexts including research

4. Third cycle: Doctoral Education
Berlin Communique – Doctoral education as third cycle was formally introduced to the Bologna process by Ministers meeting in Berlin in 2003 and has since become an increasing priority.
Bergen Communique – With the Bergen Communique of 2005, Ministers stressed the importance of research and research training and recognized the need to improve synergies between higher education and research.

5. Three cycles system of HE in the Qualification Frameworks
Framework of Qualifications for the European Higher Education Area (QF EHEA) – Bologna Framework
First cycle qualification – Bachelor’s level – ECTS credits level 6
Second cycle qualification – Master’s level – ECTS credits level 7
Third level qualification – PhD – Not specified level 8
European Qualifications Framework
Associate degree - Short cycle EQF level 5
Bachelor’s degree – First cycle EQF level 6
Master’s degree – Second cycle EQF level 7
Doctorate degree – Third cycle EQF level 8

6. The Swedish System for Higher Education
First cycle - Bachelor degree – 3 years ECTS
Second cycle – Master’s degree – 2 years ECTS
Third cycle – PhD (doctorate) – 4 years ECTS

7. National law and regulations; The Higher Education Ordinance, main features
Degree of Doctor, 240 ECTS
Thesis work: at least 120/60 ECTS
Rate of study: at least 50 % of full time
The whole time period of the doctoral education has to be fully financed for each doctoral candidate
Each doctoral candidate must have at least two supervisors

8. National law and regulations; The Higher Education Ordinance, main features
System of qualifications; general qualitative targets with intended outcomes: knowledge and understanding, competence and skills, and judgement and approach as outlined in the Qualification ordinance
All study programmes have a general study syllabus; the main content of the study programme, specific entry requirements and any other regulations required

9. National law and regulations; The Higher Education Ordinance, main features
An individual study plan shall be drawn up for each doctoral candidate
undertakings of the doctoral candidate and the HEI
timetable for the doctoral candidate´s progression
adopted after consultation with the doctoral candidate and his or her supervisors
reviewed regularly

10. National law and regulations; The Higher Education Ordinance, main features
Examination of thesis
An approved doctoral thesis is required for the award of the doctoral degree
The doctoral thesis shall be presented and defended orally in public
A faculty examiner (opponent) shall be appointed for this presentation
At least one of those participating in the grading of a doctoral thesis shall be someone who does not have a post at the HEI awarding the degree.

11. A new system for quality assurance
The Swedish University Chancellor has proposed a future quality assurance system to evaluate higher education in Sweden that includes the third cycle.
It was presented to the Government in 2014, referred for consultation during 2015 and decided by the Parliament early 2016.
The new evaluation system is anticipated to be implemented in 2017 by the Swedish Higher Education Authority in a way that meets the European Standards and Guidelines.

12. National model for evaluation of doctoral education
The Swedish Higher Education Authority has proposed a new model for evaluation of doctoral education.
The evaluation will contain three main components:
- doctoral candidates’ achievement of learning outcomes
- breadth and quality of research linked to the educational environment
- internal quality work of the HEI in question.

13. National model for evaluation of doctoral education
The evaluation will be based on a) self-evaluations, b) general study syllabi and a collection of individual study plans, and c) interviews.
The evaluation will result in a two-grade assessment.
Expert panels will perform the evaluation.
The model is right now being adjusted after the completion of the pilot round.
The regular six-year cycle of evaluations is planned to commence in January 2017 for a third of the doctoral programmes.

14. Swedish doctoral education in numbers
More than 60 % of the doctoral candidates carry out their studies full time
Around 60 % of the doctoral candidates are employees of the university
More than 70 % of the theses are compilation theses
More than 80 % of the theses are in English
Around 50 % of the PhDs are employed outside the academia after graduation

15. Malmo University Founded in 1998 24 000 students 1 800 staff
Turnover 150 million €
Located in the Öresund region which has a population of 3.5 million
Five interdisciplinary faculties
With a population of
Multicultural with 170 nationalities

16. Vision and Mission – strategy 2020 Vision:
Malmo University
Vision and Mission – strategy 2020
Vision:
A world where diversity, knowledge and creativity are transformed into action for a sustainable society
Mission:
Education and research for a sustainable society

17. Malmo University Students 24 000 students
2/3 of our students are female
1/3 have a non-Swedish background
Average age of 23 years
The great majority find employment in their field of study after graduation
85 full professors
225 doctoral candidates

18. Malmo University Programmes in English
Bachelor’s programmes in English – 7
Master’s programmes in English – 8
PhD programmes - 16
Student and faculty exchange
634 exchange agreements with 217 institutions on all continents

19. Malmo University Established in 1998 of new and old parts
Experience of doctoral education since the 1940’s
Rights to award doctoral degrees in medicine, but other doctoral candidates were formally affiliated to another university
A reform in 2010 made it possible for HEIs to apply for awarding doctoral degrees in a research area that the applicant suggested to The Swedish Higher Education Authority

20. Malmo University: application for awarding doctoral degrees
CONTENTS:
Definition of the research area
How the university ensures good conditions for knowledge development among the doctoral candidates
Supervisor capacity
Quality assurance
Economy

21. The third cycle at Malmo University – supporting organizational bodies
A standing committee for doctoral education
Vice-Chancellor´s advisory group
Co-ordinates quality work
Centre for Teaching and Learning
Supervisor training
Courses relating to the generic learning outcomes
Language editing group
Doctoral Student Union Malmö
Office of Education and Research Support: Arrangements of alumni activities

22. The third cycle at Malmo University – Key documents
Policy for doctoral education
Admission regulations
Local qualification ordinance
General study syllabi
A form for the individual study plan
Study handbook for each faculty

23. The third cycle at Malmo University – Quality work
Internal evaluation:
Started in 2013-
Based on self-evaluations, hearings and statistics
Report with recommendations
Action plans
Follow-up + 1 year
Reports are presented at the website for the evaluation

24. Courses for supervisors at Malmo University
Courses for supervisors are mandatory!
All (principal) supervisors at Malmö University must pass the course for doctoral supervisors
Even supervisors with long experience of supervising doctoral students, must pass the course
Requirements for entry
Participants must have a doctoral degree (or equivalent) and be employed at Malmö University
At least one publication after the doctoral exam
One year experience of supervision at advanced level

25. A six day course structure - Lectures, seminars and reflective sessions
Day 1-2: Brief history of doctoral education in Sweden and at Malmö University. Discussion of objectives for the degree and how to reach them. Reflections on experiences of supervison.
Day 3: The legal regulations
Day 4: The relation supervisor – PhD student
Day 5: The Individual Study Plan. Career planning. The doctoral students´perspective
Day 6: Presentations and reflections of individual papers

26. Overall aims
To improve the doctoral education by developing a professional supervision from the perspectives of supervisors/teachers and the doctoral student
To provide new or prospective doctoral supervisors with the means and opportunity to critically reflect on their supervision of research in order to improve it.
Quality assurance
Degree of Doctor
A Degree of Doctor is awarded after the third-cycle student has completed a study programme of 240 credits in a subject in which third-cycle teaching is offered.

27. Conclusions for promoting capacity building and quality
Assign doctoral education a distinct position in the HEI research and education strategy
Bring together doctoral education and research of high quality
Consider the concept and importance of critical mass
Make use of the doctoral candidates’ view-points in the continuous quality work
Establish a robust system of quality assurance
Allocate adequate funding

28. Thank you for your attention! E-mail: barot60@mail.ru