1. Unit 2
Chemistry and Matter

2. Chemistry
The study of matter and energy and the changes that they go through.
Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space

3. Mass vs. Weight Mass – the measurement of the amount of matter
Mass vs Position
Weight vs Position

4. Law of Conservation of Mass
Matter can not created nor destroyed only converted from one form to another.

5. OOBLECK Challenge!!!
Write down in your lab notebook and predict if this material is a SOLID, LIQUID, or GAS?
Write an observation or proof why you chose solid, liquid, or gas. (Defend your choice)
Videos:

6. States of Matter Volume, Shape, Compression, Effects of Heating?
Solid – (add a particle picture)
Definite Volume
Definite shape
Not compressible
Expands
Liquid – (add a particle picture)
No Definite shape

9. Gases – (add a particle picture)
No Definite Volume
No Definite shape
Compressible
Vapor – A substance that is liquid at room temperature. (Examples: Water, Mercury)

11. Fig. 1-7, p. 10

12. Plasma – High temperature physical state of matter in which atoms lose their electrons
Fluorescent Light Bulbs
The Sun and other Stars

15. Phase Change Diagram

16. Properties of Matter
Physical Properties – characteristics you can describe any substance of matter
Color
Temperature
Melting Point
Boiling Point
Density
Malleability/Ductile

17. Properties cont…
Chemical Properties – ability of a substance to combine with or change into one or more NEW substances.
Iron rusting
Copper turning green when exposed to air (rusting)
Sodium reacting in the presence of water
Gasoline burning
Sulfur burning bright blue when in the presence of oxygen

18. Explore: Graphing Liquids Activity

20. Intensive vs. Extensive Properties
Intensive property: properties that DO NOT depend on the amount of matter present
Extensive property: properties that DO depend on the amount of matter present
Melting/Freezing Point
Mass
Boiling Point
Weight
Luster - shiny
Volume
Malleability – flatten into thin sheets
Length
Ductility - drawn into thin wires
Density

21. Viscosity: is a fluids resistance to flow
Buoyancy: Upward force that keeps things afloat

22. Changes in Matter
Physical Change – Changing the state or shape that matter is in, without changing the matter itself.
Examples
Boiling water/Freezing water
Cutting a Piece of paper
Cracking open an egg
Melting gold

23. Changes cont…
Chemical Change – process by which one or two substances combine to form a NEW substance
Examples:
Burning wood to form Carbon, Carbon Dioxide, and water.
Combining gaseous Hydrogen and Oxygen to form water.
Reacting Iron and Oxygen to form Rust.

25. Mixture
Combination of two or more substances in which each substance retains its individual properties
Combined with out exact ratios
Salt in water
Sand in Water
Granite/Marble
Dirt
Salad Dressing

26. Types of Mixtures
Homogenous – mixture is uniform in composition. (Homo – Same, Gene – Form)
Salt dissolved in water.
Coffee with sugar.
Heterogeneous – mixture has a different composition throughout (Hetero – Different, Gene – Form)
Ice in water
Dirt (Rocks, Sand, Dirt, Roots, Worms, Bugs)

35. Exercise 11, p. 41

36. Substances
Pure substance: matter that is uniform and unchanging in its composition (exact ratios every time)
Table Salt is always NaCl
Water is always H2O

37. Pure Substances
Element – A pure substance that can not be broken into smaller substances Examples: Copper, Oxygen, Gold.
Compound – The combination of two or more different elements that are combined in the same ratios every time

38. Evidence of a Chemical Change
***We will investigate this in a Lab***
Change in ______________
Production of a _____________
Formation of a ______________
Detection of a _____________

39. Separating Mixtures
Distillation – Separates materials based upon different boiling points.

40. Filtration – Where a barrier is used to separate solid material from liquid material

41. Chromatography – Separates the components of a mixture by traveling across a surface at different rates

42. Crystallization – produces a pure solid particles from a dissolved solid