1. Sophomore Vocab Unit 3A
Take notes!
Vocab is, like, good and stuff...

2. adversary (n.) enemy, opponent S: antagonist, rival, foe
A: friend, ally, supporter, confederate
A best friend off the tennis court can also be a fierce adversary on it.

3. alienate (v.) to turn away; to make indifferent or hostile
S: separate, drive apart, estrange
A: befriend, attract, captivate, reconcile
Gossiping and backbiting are bad habits that are bound to alienate friends.

4. artifice
(n.) a skillful or ingenious device; a clever trick; a clever skill or trickery
S: ruse, stratagem, contrivance
Even the most renowned art experts were completely taken in by the forger’s artifice.

5. coerce (v.) to compel, force S: pressure, bully, intimidate
A: persuade, cajole
Dictators try to coerce their subjects into obedience by threatening them or their families with punishment.

6. craven (adj.) cowardly (n.) a coward S: fearful, fainthearted
A: brave, courageous, valiant
It is a mistake to assume that everyone who refuses to go to war is a craven who lacks patriotism.

7. culinary (adj.) of or relating to cooking or the kitchen
Cooking shows on the Food Network have helped many people to master the secrets of the culinary arts.

8. delete (v.) to erase or wipe out, cut out S: remove, cancel, expunge
A: insert, add, retain, include
It seems every time I’m working on an important project the computer freezes up and deletes my work.

9. demise (n.) a death, especially of a person in a lofty position
S: decease, passing away
A: birth, beginning, commencement
Illegal drug use has been the demise of many celebrities.

10. exhilarate (v.) to enliven, cheer, give spirit or liveliness to
S: stimulate, excite, gladden
A: discourage, dispirit, dishearten
Roller coasters are often the most exhilarating part of an amusement park.

11. fallow (adj.) plowed but not seeded; inactive; reddish- yellow
(n.) land left unseeded
(v.) to plow but not seed
S: unproductive, inert, dormant
A: productive, fertile, prolific
In the drought-stricken region, there were millions of acres of fallow.

12. My reason for living………..
GRAMMAR
My reason for living………..

13. Bad vs Badly

14. BAD
Bad is an adjective. It describes nouns or pronouns. It is often used with descriptive linking verbs like look, feel, sound, or to be.
Incorrect: She felt badly about missing the date.
Correct: She felt bad about missing the date. (Bad describes the pronoun she.)
Incorrect: Things looked badly for the Mudville nine.
Correct: Things looked bad for the Mudville nine. (Bad describes the noun Things.)

15. BADLY
Badly is an adverb (like well). It describes verbs and should be used with all verbs other than linking verbs.
As many adverbs do, it usually answers the question "How?"
Incorrect: Mudville played bad last night.
Correct: Mudville played badly last night. (Badly describes the verb played.)

16. Hint, hint, hint
A quick hint is that it is correct to say you feel bad when you are expressing an emotion. To say, “I feel badly,” implies that there's something wrong with your sense of touch. Every time I hear people say, “I feel badly,” I imagine them in a dark room having trouble feeling their way around with numb fingers.

17. Good vs Well

18. GOOD Good is an adjective, which means that it modifies nouns.
This is a good movie
What a good idea!

19. WELL
Well is an adverb, which means that it modifies verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs.
Did the movie do well at the box office?
It was a well-defined idea
You speak English well
Well can be used as an adjective to mean "in good health."
You look well
I don't feel well

20. Hint, hint, hint
The confusion between good and well comes from their similar meanings, and a general confusion between adjectives and adverbs. Take a moment to think about what the word is modifying: if it's a verb, you'd do well to use well; otherwise, the good choice is good.

21. ITS vs IT’S

22. IT’S It's is a contraction of "it is" or "it has." It's time to go.
Do you think it's ready?
I read your article - it's very good.
Do you know where my purse is? It's on the table.
It's been a long time.

23. ITS Its is the possessive form of "it."
That's an interesting device - what is its purpose?
I saw Les Misérables during its initial run.
This stove has its own timer.
The bird lost some of its feathers.
Where is its head office?

24. Hint, hint, hint
The ironclad rule - no exceptions - is that if you can replace the word with "it is" or "it has," use it's. Otherwise, it's always its.