1. Connective (Most abundant tissue in body)
Loose (areolar, adipose, reticular)
2. Dense (dense irregular, white fibrous)
3. Cartilage (hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage)
4. Bone
5. Blood
6. Mesenchyme
Functions
Support
B. Attachment
C. Storage (calcium, energy)
D. Protection (skull, ribs, kidneys)
E. Movement (muscle attachments)
F. Blood formation and transport

2. make
Thin, wire-like, flexible
Common, long, white, wavy
Short, branching (netting)
CT Glue
Chondroitin sulfate
1.7

3. Blood vessels?
Nerves?
128

4. 16-day-old embryo (dorsal surface view) Muscle and connective
Figure Embryonic germ layers and the primary tissue types they produce.
16-day-old embryo
(dorsal surface view)
Muscle and connective
tissue (mostly from
mesoderm)
Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Nervous tissue
(from ectoderm)
Endoderm
Mesenchyme
-ameboid cells
Embryonic Stem cells
Flexible
Epithelium
Pg 146

5. Figure 4.8k Connective tissues.
-Liquid ground substance (Plasma)
-Transport
-Made by red bone marrow
Figure 4.8k Connective tissues.
(k) Others: blood
Description: Red and white
blood cells in a fluid matrix
(plasma).
Plasma
Function: Transport of
respiratory gases, nutrients,
wastes, and other substances.
Neutrophil
Location: Contained within
blood vessels.
Red blood
cells
Lymphocyte
Photomicrograph: Smear of human blood (1860x); two
white blood cells (neutrophil in upper left and lymphocyte
in lower right) are seen surrounded by red blood cells.
Pg 137

6. Loose CT’s
-Sheets of filler tissue
-Gelatinous
-Beneath skin, in membranes, surrounds vessels, nerves and ducts
131

7. Figure 4.8b Connective tissues.
-Adipocytes filled with triglycerides
-Energy, insulation, protection
(b) Connective tissue proper: loose connective tissue, adipose
Description: Matrix as in areolar,
but very sparse; closely packed
adipocytes, or fat cells, have
nucleus pushed to the side by large
fat droplet.
Function: Provides reserve food
fuel; insulates against heat loss;
supports and protects organs.
Nucleus of
fat cell
Location: Under skin in the
hypodermis; around kidneys and
eyeballs; within abdomen; in breasts.
Adipose
tissue
Vacuole
containing
fat droplet
Triglycerides
Photomicrograph: Adipose tissue from the
subcutaneous layer under the skin (350x).
Mammary
glands
Pg 131

9. Figure 4.8c Connective tissues.
Supports soft organs (glands, bone marrow, lymphatic organs)
Figure 4.8c Connective tissues.
(c) Connective tissue proper: loose connective tissue, reticular
Description: Network of reticular
fibers in a typical loose ground
substance; reticular cells lie on the
network.
Function: Fibers form a soft internal
skeleton (stroma) that supports other
cell types including white blood cells,
mast cells, and macrophages.
White blood
cell
(lymphocyte)
Location: Lymphoid organs (lymph
nodes, bone marrow, and spleen).
Reticular
fibers
Spleen
Photomicrograph: Dark-staining network of reticular
connective tissue fibers forming the internal skeleton
of the spleen (350x).
Pg 132

10. Figure 4.8e Connective tissues.
-Forms most of dermis
-Forms capsules around organs, muscles and joints (deep fascia)
Dense CT’s
(e) Connective tissue proper: dense connective tissue, dense irregular
Description: Primarily
irregularly arranged collagen
fibers; some elastic fibers;
major cell type is the fibroblast.
Nuclei of
fibroblasts
Function: Able to withstand
tension exerted in many
directions; provides structural
strength.
Location: Fibrous capsules of
organs and of joints; dermis of
the skin; submucosa of
digestive tract.
Collagen
fibers
Fibrous
joint
capsule
Photomicrograph: Dense irregular
connective tissue from the dermis of the
skin (400x).
Pg 133

11. Figure 4.8d Connective tissues.
Forms tendons, ligaments, white of the eye
(White Fibrous)
(d) Connective tissue proper: dense connective tissue, dense regular
Description: Primarily parallel
collagen fibers; a few elastic fibers;
major cell type is the fibroblast.
Collagen
fibers
Function: Attaches muscles to
bones or to muscles; attaches bones
to bones; withstands great tensile
stress when pulling force is applied
in one direction.
Location: Tendons, most
ligaments, aponeuroses.
Nuclei of
fibroblasts
Shoulder
joint
Ligament
Photomicrograph: Dense regular connective
tissue from a tendon (500x).
Tendon
Pg 132

12. Figure 4.8f Connective tissues.
In walls of blood vessels and lungs
(f) Connective tissue proper: dense connective tissue, elastic
Description: Dense regular
connective tissue containing a high
proportion of elastic fibers.
Function: Allows recoil of tissue
following stretching; maintains
pulsatile flow of blood through
arteries; aids passive recoil of lungs
following inspiration.
Elastic fibers
Location: Walls of large arteries;
within certain ligaments associated
with the vertebral column; within the
walls of the bronchial tubes.
Aorta
Photomicrograph: Elastic connective tissue in
the wall of the aorta (250x).
Heart
Pg 134

13. Clicker Question: Which of the following statements regarding epithelial tissues are true? 1. Has a good blood supply. 2. Food in the stomach would touch the apical surface of the epithelial tissue there. 3. Simple arrangements of epithelia are associated with filtration and absorption. 4. Pseudostratified epithelia consist of at least 2 layers of cells stacked on top of one another. A. 1,2,4 B. 2,3,4 C. 1, 2, 3 D. 2,3

14. Clicker Question: Which of the following statements regarding connective tissue are true? 1. The 3 main components of connective tissue are: ground substance, fibers and proteoglycans. 2. All connective tissue has a good blood supply. 3. Collagen fibers provide a lot of strength within connective tissue. 4. Connective tissue can have a nerve supply. A. 1, 3, 4 B. 2, 4 C. 2, 3, 4 1, 2, 3