1. Modal Auxiliaries Present and Future Forms
Modals
Modal Auxiliaries Present and Future Forms

2. Modals
Modal or modal auxiliaries do not express tense or time, but they change the meaning of the base verb. The meaning changes according to the context of the sentence.

3. Present modals: 1.Can , could 2.Will , would 3. Should , ought to
4.May , might
5. Must , have to

4. Can , could can past is could = ability For example:- ** Can :
1.Meena can teach reading class. 2· Dalia can speak Arabic.
** Could:
1.John could ride a unicycle when he was younger. 2· Ameen could play tennis well when he was a teenager. ·

5. I can see you..

6. Could , be able to
Now there are some differences between be able to and could
There are some words which help us to put be able to like : happily, fortunately, luckily in this case we use be able to which means something i was able to do it
And we use could when there is something
I can do it but I did not do it

7. Will , would
We use it to ask someone to do something , or to do something in the future.
For example:-
Will:
? Will you go to the shop for me1.
2. I will go to Paris next week.
would:
1. Would you do me a favor?

8. should, ought to Should, ought to = to give someone advice.
For example :-
1. You should study hard to pass your exams .
2. you ought to study hard to pass your exams.

9. You should study hard

10. May , might may, might = possible action in the future For example:-
It may rain, wear your coat.
I might come to visit you.

11. Must , have to must= it’s necessary to do something For example:-
You must not smoke at the gas station.
have to= obligation (impersonal)
You have to wear uniform

12. You must study