1. South Asia After Empire
Chapter 32, Section 1

2. Wartime Developments Many Indians refused to back Britain in WWII.
They were angry because Great Britain (G.B.) wouldn’t meet their demands for self-rule.
When Japan joined the war on Germany’s side, the allies needed India as a base.
The Indian National Congress rejected sir Stafford Cripps’s plan.
Mohandas Gandhi started the “Quit India” movement after the plan failed.
It stated that G.B. should leave India at once.
G.B. treated the campaign as a rebellion and arrested 60,000 of Gandhi’s followers and himself.

3. Partition of India
In March 1947, Lord Louis Mountbatten became British viceroy in India.
Independence was declared in August according to the borders defined by a British- led commission.
Less than six months later, Mohandas Gandhi was assassinated.

4. Independent India In 1950 India’s new constitution went into effect.
The president is the head of state, the prime minister and cabinet members hold the real power.
In 1966 Inira Priyadarshini Nehru Gandhi became the prime minister.
Inira assassinated- Her son rules, Singh, Rajiv killed- fight for power

5. Caste System

6. Religion

7. Social and Economic Problems
Nehru, the prime minister, followed socialist ideas for India’s economy.
From 1947 onward, India has had a mixed economy.
This happens when private companies own some industries and the govt. owns the rest.
To help economy grow, India followed a series of five year plans.
By the 1980’s, Indian farms were growing more food and textile and steel industries were strong.

8. Social and Economic Problems Cont.
In spite of this growth, India had a huge problem still.
India’s population was growing too fast, by it’s population was 360 million.
Within 30 years it had grown to 685 million.
By 1980’s the average annual income was 300$.
Millions had no jobs, cities were crowded, and it was hard to stay alive day to day.
1.1 Billion today, it will surpass China by 2028
GPD per Capita of $1498 Today

9. Foreign Relations Chinese tensions/Tibet
In world affairs, India tried to build friendships with both communist countries and the west.
Many new African and Asian nations followed India’s lead.
In the 1980’s, India became more interested in better relations with the U.S.
By the 1990’s , India’s policies had changed, and it began to take a more open approach to foreign affairs.

10. The Continuing Problem of Kashmir
India and Pakistan faced a difficult problem in the Northern state of Kashmir.
It began with partition in 1947.
Muslims and Hindus in Kashmir fought each other for control.
In the late 1980s border clashes and other violence between rebel groups became more common.
More then 20,000 people had been killed before the end of 1990s.

12. Bangladesh and Pakistan Today
Both Bangladesh and Pakistan faced major problems after the division.
Awami League, Independence (Culture, language, and geography different)
Bangladesh had been torn apart by war.
Bangladesh also had suffered from famines, floods, and tropical storms.

13. Communist China it’s Influence
Chapter 32, Section 2

14. The Republic of China During WWII civil war stops to fight Japanese
1949 Mao Wins
The communists wanted to turn China into a modern Industrialized nation.
In 1953 the communists began their first five year plan for economic growth.
The communists forced landlords to give there land to peasants, millions of people were killed during this violent change

15. The Great Leap Forward
To speed up progress in 1958 Mao’s government announced a second five year plan called the Great Leap forward.
The Chinese govt. hoped to increase industrial out put to the point where it matched that of the West.
The Great Leap Forward created huge farm communities called peoples communes, these included farms and small industries.
Single people lived in dormitories, meals in mess halls, and nurseries watched children
Workers paid on “work points” set based on gender, age, skills, type of job, and region.
Failure, industrial output decreased and constant food shortages, 20 million starved to death

16. The Cultural Revolution
After the failure of the Great Leap Forward, Mao’s leadership of the communist party was in question.
He fought back in by launching the Cultural Revolution.
It was a violent attempt at social change.
Mao’s plan was to rid China of it’s old old customs habits and thoughts.
He was going to replace it with a new social culture.

17. The Cultural Revolution Cont.
Mao chose China’s young people to lead this revolution.
They became known as the Red Guards.
They went on rampages throughout China, ruining ancient works of art, burning books and destroying anything from the old way.
They beat, tortured, or killed people who didn’t follow Mao’s teachings completely.
The revolution had a disastrous effect on China.

18. China After Mao - Mao dies 1976
- Jiang Qing: Mao's widow, radical group, Gang of Four wanted to cont. cultural revolution
- Moderates win struggle, try the Gang of four.
- Deng Xiaoping: reform economy “4 Modernizations”.
- Agriculture, industry, science, defense
- Mid 80's-90's Economic growth
- 5th Modernization “democracy”

19. http://www. theguardian

20. A Divided Korea - China & US relations strained over Korea
- 38th Parallel
- N. Kim Il Sung- S. Syngman Rhee
N invades S, take Seoul.
- US helps pushes back
- Cease Fire Still 38th Parallel

21. The Nationalists in Taiwan
The Chinese Nationalists had fled to Taiwan in 1949 and formed a new govt.
The U.S. also had army and navy bases on the island and kept social and economic ties with Taiwan.
Major Manufacturing
Still disputed today

22. The Occupation of Japan
SCAP- MacArthur
- Disarm
- New Gov't
“MacArthur Constitution”
- Parlimentary Democracy
- War not a right

23. Postwar Development -Economic Recovery: - Land Reform
- Break up of Zaibatsu
-Social Changes
- Consumer Society
- Women Working
- Does higher standard living = better life?

24. Foreign Relations & Political Life
- Cold War Changes U.S. View on Japan's military, U.S. Agreement of supply
- 1980's more independent- making loans to other countries, try to mend relations with Russia
- LDP- Liberal Dem. Party

25. Independence Struggles in Southeast Asia
Chapter 32, Section 4

26. The Philippines
The United States controlled the Philippines from the time of the Spanish American war I until early 1946
On July 4,1946 the Philippines became an independent nation
In the 1970’s communists in the Philippines were rioting in some areas
Marco’s put a new constitution In place that gave him more power

27. Indonesia During world war II the Japanese occupied the east Indies
The Dutch expected to take control again after the war ended
They ruled the east Indies since the 1600’s
Sukarno was it’s first president

28. Vietnam - Japanese WWII Take over - Ho Chi Minh organizes Vietminh
- French want it back (46-54)
-Geneva Accords divide at 17th Parallel
- Diem wins, viet cong formed
- US involved (containment/domino)
- Tet Offensive(turning point)
-1973 Paris Peace Accords
- Vietnam 1976 united/Refugees flee
US reestablishes relations

29. Laos
Like Vietnam Laos an Cambodia were French colonies that gained their independence after world war II
Laos gained independence from France in 1954
In the midst of this internal chaos, Laos began to feel the effects of Vietnam
In 1975 the struggle for power in Laos ended when Pathet Lao set up a communist government

30. Cambodia - Gains Independence from France 1953 - Khmer Rouge (Pol Pot)
- 1/5 Population die under Pol Pot
- Late 90's Vietnam installs friendly gov't

31. Vietnam France had colonized Vietnam in the late 1800’s
During world war II the Japanese took control of the area
In 1946 fighting broke out between the French and the Viet minh
The Viet minh were led by ho chi minh
The war dragged on for years

32. Political Development
Asian nation faced conflicts between people of different ethic backgrounds
Governments worried about their national security
The Asian countries wanted rapid economic growth

33. Economic Development
Asians could export their agricultural goods and natural resources
Reliance on foreign investment could also cause economic downturns
Vocational schools to train workers and started on the job training programs

34. Economic Expansion
By the beginning of the 1990s, some Asian countries had made a great deal of progress.
South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, and Hong Kong all had very strong economies and then formed Four Tigers.
Asian nations then starting growing by 6 to 10%.

35. Asian Cultural Diffusion
Asian televisions, computers, cameras, and video equipment are sold in U.S. stores.
Japanese educational system emphasizes the study of science and math.