1. Human Systems:
Circulatory System

2. Blood

3. Blood Fluid connective tissue Circulates various substances
About 5L of blood in human adults
Blood is a part of the cardiovascular system (other include the heart and blood vessels)

4. Components of blood Blood contains Plasma Blood cells
plasma (fluid component)
Blood cells (suspended component)
Plasma
Contains dissolved substances (water, minerals, proteins, carbohydrates, other complexes, etc.)
Blood cells
RBC - Red blood cells (hemoglobin – transport of gases)
WBC - White blood cells (immune system – defense against infections)
Platelets (involved in blood clotting)

5. Blood cells Red blood cells Transport oxygen Contain hemoglobin
Most abundant cell type

6. Blood cells
Platelets
Small in size, pieces of larger cells found in bone marrow
Remain in circulation for 5-10 days
Role in blood clotting

7. Blood cells White blood cells Modes of action Destroy pathogens
Help in wound cleaning
Modes of action
Some search tissues for pathogens
Some WBCs produce antibodies
Some WBCs produce other chemicals
against pathogens
Other eliminate dead or damaged body cells

8. Functions of blood Transport of oxygen
Transport of nutrients and minerals
Transport hormones and other substances
Regulation of body temperature

9. Blood pressure When heart contracts, blood is pushed out
The force blood exerts on the walls of arteries is known as blood pressure
Expressed in terms of millimeters of mercury (mm Hg)
Blood pressure is expressed by two numbers - systolic and diastolic
Systolic pressure – pressure in arteries when heart contracts
Diastolic pressure - pressure in arteries when heart relaxes
Healthy blood pressure: systolic 120 mm Hg, diastolic 80 mm Hg
Pulse – rhythmic throbbing of arteries when blood is pumped by heart (around per minute)

10. Blood types ABO system A, B, AB or O
Depends on the type of antigens on RBC
Blood groups and transfusion

11. Blood types Rh System Another type of antigen on RBC
If antigen if present then Rh+
If absent then the individual is Rh-
Rh system and transfusion

12. Blood disorders Hemophilia Leukemia Sickle cell anemia
Problem in blood clotting
Protein required for clotting is missing
Leukemia
Blood cancer
Healthy blood cells are not produced
Sickle cell anemia
Mutation in hemoglobin
Results is deformed RBCs

13. Cardiovascular system

14. Cardiovascular system
Circulatory fluid (blood)
Channels / tubes (blood vessels)
Pumping device (heart)
Transport of substances
Regulation of body temperature
Maintenance of homeostasis

15. The heart Muscular organ Divided into four compartments (chambers)
Upper chambers: Atrium
Lower chambers: Ventricles
Left and right sides of the heart are separated by wall
Valves prevent back flow of blood
Repeated opening and closing of valves produce heart beat

18. Blood vessels Arteries Capillaries Veins
Hollow tubes for flow of blood
Some contain valve to prevent backward blood flow
Three types
Arteries
Carries blood away from the heart
Pulse is caused by flow of blood into arteries
Capillaries
Narrow blood vessels
Allows exchange between body cells and blood
Veins
Blood enters from arteries to veins
Carry blood towards heart

19. Blood vessels

20. Types of circulation
Pulmonary circulation
Systemic circulation

22. Cardiovascular problems
Atherosclerosis
Cholesterol and lipids accumulate in blood vessels
This causes narrowing of vessels and decrease in elasticity
High blood pressure
Hypertension
Narrowing or constriction of blood vessels increases pressure
Stroke - blockage or rupture of blood vessels in brain

23. Cardiovascular problems

24. Cardiovascular problems
Heart attack and failure
Heart attack - when heart muscle cells do not get enough food
Damage to heart cells
If damage is excessive, heart may stop
Heart failure occurs when heart is too weak to pump sufficient blood to meet body’s need
Organs such as lungs, brain or kidneys may get damage