1. Computational Analysis of Hybrid Norwood Circulation With Distal Aortic Arch Obstruction and Reverse Blalock-Taussig Shunt 
Andres Ceballos, MS, I. Ricardo Argueta-Morales, MD, Eduardo Divo, PhD, Ruben Osorio, BS, Christopher A. Caldarone, MD, Alain J. Kassab, PhD, William M. DeCampli, MD, PhD 
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 
Volume 94, Issue 5, Pages (November 2012)
DOI: /j.athoracsur
Copyright © 2012 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

2. Fig 1
(A) Three-dimensional models are shown of the hybrid Norwood. (B) Detailed view of the transverse aortic arch with stenosis highlighted in red. (DA = descending aorta; LCA = left carotid artery; LcorA = left coronary artery; LPA = left pulmonary artery; LSA = left subclavian artery; Nom = nominal anatomy; RCA = right carotid artery; RBTS = reverse Blalock-Taussig shunt; RcorA = right coronary artery; RSA = right subclavian artery; RPA = right pulmonary artery; Sten = stenosis anatomy.)
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2012 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

3. Fig 2
Dimensions are shown for (A) stenotic (Sten) and (B) nominal reverse Blalock-Taussig shunt (RBTS) models. (C) Sten-RBTS model computational domain mesh. Measurements are in millimeters. (Ø = diameter.)
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2012 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

4. Fig 3
Multiscale model of the hybrid Norwood. (A) Three-dimensional model coupled with lumped parameter model. (B) Coupling scheme.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2012 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

5. Fig 4
Ventricular and descending aorta pressures produced by the (A and C) multiscale model and from the (B and D) typical hybrid Norwood patient. (DA = descending aorta.)
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2012 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

6. Fig 5
Composite plots: (A) ventricular, atrial, and pulmonary root pressure (left scale) with cardiac output (right scale). (B) Pressure traces of all arteries. (DA = descending aorta; LCA = left carotid artery; LcorA = left coronary artery; LPA = left pulmonary artery; LSA = left subclavian artery; Nom = nominal anatomy; P.Root = pulmonary root; RBTS = reverse Blalock-Taussig shunt; RCA = right carotid artery, RcorA = right coronary artery; RSA = right subclavian artery, RPA = right pulmonary artery; Sten= stenosis anatomy.)
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2012 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

7. Fig 6
Flow-rates and pressures over a cardiac cycle: (A) coronaries, (B) carotids, (C) subclavians, (D) pulmonary, (E) descending aorta (DA), and (F) reverse Blalock-Taussig shunt (RBTS).
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2012 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

8. Fig 7
Streamlines at selected times in the cardiac cycle (1 = peak systole; 2 = early diastole; 3 = middle diastole; 4 = late diastole) for (A) nominal (Nom) and (B) Nom-reverse Blalock-Taussig shunt (RBTS) models.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2012 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

9. Fig 8
Streamlines at selected times in the cardiac cycle (1 = peak systole; 2 = early diastole; 3 = middle diastole; 4 = late diastole are shown for (A) stenotic (Sten) and (B) Sten-reverse Blalock-Taussig shunt (RBTS) models.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2012 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

10. Fig 9
Streamline details at selected times in the cardiac cycle (1 = peak systole; 2 = early diastole; 3 = middle diastole; 4 = late diastole) are shown for (A) nominal reverse Blalock-Taussig shunt (Nom-RBTS, (B) and stenotic (Sten)-RBTS models).
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2012 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions