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CHAPTER 12 LIFE OF THE PALEOZOIC
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Paleozoic Animals
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CHAPTER OUTLINE Animals With Shells Proliferate — and So Does Preservation The Cambrian Explosion of Life: Amazing Fossil Sites in Canada and China The Burgess Shale Fauna The Chengjang Fauna Continuing Diversification: Each Creature Found Its Ecological Niche Protistans: Creatures of a Single Cell Foraminifera Radiolaria
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CHAPTER OUTLINE Marine Invertebrates Populate the Seas
Cup Animals: Archaeocyathids Sponges: Phylum Porifera Corals and Other Cnidaria Moss Animals: Bryozoa Brachiopods Mollusks: Clams, Snails, Squid, and Kin Arthropods: Jointed Bodies and Limbs Spiny-Skinned Animals: Echinoderms The Echinoderm-Backbone Connection Graptolites
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CHAPTER OUTLINE Advent of the Vertebrates The Rise of Fishes
Agnathids (Jawless Fish) Evolution of the Jaw Acanthodians and Placoderms (Fish with Jaws) Chondrichthyes (Fish with Cartilaginous Skeletons) Osteichthyes (Fish with Bony Skeletons) Conodonts: Valuable but Enigmatic Fossils Advent of Tetrapods Coming Ashore: First Four-Legged Vertebrates Amniotes: Reptiles, Birds, and Mammals Plants of the Paleozoic Land Plants
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CHAPTER OUTLINE Mass Extinctions Late Ordovician Extinctions
Late Devonian Extinctions Late Permian Extinctions — Terrestrial Causes? Late Permian Extinctions — Extraterrestrial Cause?
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Animals With Shells
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f12_40e_pg347 TRILOBITES f12_40e_pg347.jpg f12_40e_pg347
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f_pg326 f_pg326.jpg f_pg326
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f12_08_pg7 STRANGE PREDATORS Anomalocaris Cambrian Invertebrate
f12_08_pg7.jpg Anomalocaris Cambrian Invertebrate Predator f12_08_pg7
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f12_07_pg332 STRANGE PREDATORS Anomalocaris Cambrian Invertebrate
Largest Predator 2 Feet in Length f12_07_pg332.jpg f12_07_pg332
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FISH
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Fish – 5 Groups Agnathans – Early Cambrian Placoderms – Silurian
Subgroup: Ostracoderms Jawless Placoderms – Silurian Plate Skinned Armored Jawed Acanthodians – Silurian Non-armored Jawed Osteichthyes – Devonian Bony Chondrichthyes – Devonian Cartilaginous
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f12_58_pg355 Fish Evolution f12_58_pg355.jpg f12_58_pg355
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f12_71_pg360 Coelacanth f12_71_pg360.jpg f12_71_pg360
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Bony Fish f12_65_pg358 f12_65_pg358.jpg f12_65_pg358
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Sharks f12_64a_pg357 f12_64a_pg357.jpg f12_64a_pg357
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Placoderms f12_62_pg356 f12_62_pg356.jpg f12_62_pg356
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CONODONTS – “Index Fossils”
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Amphibians – “Tetrapods”
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Amphibians Descended from fish – “Ichthyostegids”
Labyrinthodonts – Descended Amphibians
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Amphibians – “Tetrapods”
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Reptiles
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f12_76_pg363 Pelycosaurs f12_76_pg363.jpg f12_76_pg363
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Mammal-Like Reptiles “Cynognathus”
f12_78_pg364 Mammal-Like Reptiles “Cynognathus” Theorized to be a Descendant of the Pelycosaurs. f12_78_pg364.jpg f12_78_pg364
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PLANTS
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Marine Plants f12_51a_pg352 f12_51a_pg352.jpg f12_51a_pg352
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Marine Plants f12_51c_pg352 f12_51c_pg352.jpg CRINOID
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Marine Plants f12_51b_pg352 f12_51b_pg352.jpg CRINOID
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Land Plant Evolution
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Land Plants
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Land Plants – 3 Advances Spore-bearing plants Gymnosperms Angiosperms
Naked-seed Non-flowering Seed-producing Pollinating Angiosperms Flowering Trachophytes (Vascular) Seed-Producing Pollinating
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Land Plants - 2 Groups Bryophytes (Nonvascular)
Seedless, Spore-Bearing plants Common in Coal-Forming Plants of Carboniferous. Trachophytes (Vascular) Gymnosperms Seed-Producing Pollinating
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Land Plants Spore-Bearing Vascular
A – Lycopod B – Calamophyton C – Early Fern Tree
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TRACHOPHYTES “Gymnosperms”
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f12_82_pg365 SPORE-BEARING Nonvascular Plant f12_82_pg365.jpg
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Vascular Plant f12_81_pg365 f12_81_pg365.jpg f12_81_pg365
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Vascular Plant f12_83_pg365 f12_83_pg365.jpg f12_83_pg365
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Proterozoic Extinctions
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f12_90_pg368 3 Major Paleozoic Extinctions f12_90_pg368.jpg
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Late Ordovician Extinction
Related to Global Cooling 2 Sequences (Regressive & Transgressive)
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Late Devonian Extinction
Devonian Precursor to Intercontinental Seas which led to major swamps that followed during the Mississippian and Pennsylvanian Periods Eutrophication “Anoxic Conditions” Continental Glaciation
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Late Permian Extinction
Era of Dinosaurs followed moving from an aquatic to terrestrial environment. Greatest Mass Extinction End of Trilobites Global Cooling Pangea Completed Epicontinental Seas Drained Equatorial Circulation Blocked Volcanic Activity Extraterrestrial Cause Asteroid
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THE END
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