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Substation Automation System
Khorasan Regional Electric Company Ministry of Energy of Iran Presented By: Hanieh Esmaeeli November 8th.2012
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Infrastructure
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Electrical Protection
System: collection of different parts Automation system: Numeric & Computerized equipment Substation Automation System: interaction Joint task Centralized Distributed Electrical Protection Monitoring Control measurement Data Communication Numeric Technology & Communication System
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The core ingredients of a power system automation system
SAS The core ingredients of a power system automation system are local intelligence, data communications and supervisory control, and monitoring
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Concentration of data processing
centralized Petrochemical and refinery Central computer Controller was a medium between Field Instrument and Central computer Defect Concentration of data processing
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DCS
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DCS (Distributed Control Centers)
Data processing is divided Controllers are connected Process Control System Performance Deterministic Fault Tolerant Security
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DCS Architecture
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Field Level Lowest level are field instrument and actuators
1 Lowest level are field instrument and actuators I/O is not necessary Classic Field Bus
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Control level 2 Protocol Physical Interface
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Engineering Station Monitoring level
3 The process control is done by operators Terminal Bus Engineering Station 4
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Operating Station 5 Media 6 Type is depend on the Protocols
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IED 7 Controllers Digital relays RTU Meters GPS 8
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For more reliability we use Redundant server
Communication type 1. Client/Server For more reliability we use Redundant server
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Communication type cont’d
2. Stand-alone Station Share job: Alarm logging Alarm archiving Data storing Powerful Computers
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Proposed DCS system
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Protocols
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Protocols The distributed network protocol is a data acquisition protocol used mostly in the electrical and utility industries. It is designed as an open, interoperable, and simple protocol specifically for SCADA controls systems. Important factors in SAS Optimal performance in substation functions
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Data transmission The need for all this information to be added to the raw message can, and did, lead to a lot of confusion and incompatibility between different devices on the network.
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OSI Model The open system interconnection (OSI) model was developed by the International Standards Organization (ISO) to provide a universally applicable structure for communication applications. The OSI model consists of a seven-layer stack onto which the message is modulated. The way in which the seven layers is applied
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mechanical characteristics of the physical interface
Functional of activate, maintain, and deactivate Application Provide synchronization (start/stop, length) and error control (detection and correction) for the information transmitted Network Means to establish, maintain, and terminate the connections between stations transport End-to-end control and information interchange with the level of reliability that is required for the application session Dialog requirements on the bus, determining who is allowed to talk, handling start/stop talking commands and communication relationships presentation Coding or ‘language’ of the information. application Serves the end-user, the AP, by providing the information to support the AP and manage the communication
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Tele-Control Protocols
IEC protocol (from RTU to Control Center communication IEC protocol (for communication between IEDs in a Substation) IEC protocol MODBUS Protocol ( MFTs) DNP 3.0 Protocol (Serial)---Master Station DNP 3.0 Protocol (TCP/IP)---Master Station IEC protocol (for Substation Automation)
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In the Present of SCADA system
IEC for data acquisition from RTUs/SAS IEC for data exchange between control centers
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