1. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
INTRODUCTION

2. BACKGROUND Early 1700s to late 1800s.
Begins in Britain, moves across Europe and rest of the world.

3. AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION
Technology  more crops  more food  more healthy people  more labor
Enclosure Movement – Land owners bought land and enclosed it with fences or hedges. Peasants forced to work in factories or become tenant farmers.
Peasants forced out

4. ROOT OF INDUSTRIALIZATION
Renaissance Spirit By emphasizing life in this world, Industrial Revolution encouraged Europeans to seek material comfort Inquiry paved way for invention.

5. BRITAIN LEADS THE WAY
Plentiful Resources – rivers, harbors, coal, iron, ore, labor
Transportation and Communication – costal trade, canals, port towns, postal service, newspapers, NAVY
The Industrial Revolution began in Britain
Coal used to develop the steam engine. Steam engine powered by coal…
Coal also used to produce iron.

6. BRITAIN LEADS THE WAY
Colonial Superpower – Britain created an overseas market and demand for goods (mercantilism)  MORE RESOURCES!

7. BRITAIN LEADS THE WAY
Population Growth – created a market and demand for goods, ready supply of labor. Agricultural Rev = less famine
Population explosion b/c declining death rates (famine risk down), women ate better and had stronger babies and also better hygiene and medical care slowing deaths from disease

8. BRITAIN LEADS THE WAY
Stable Government and Economy – fair taxes, capital, banks.
Powerful Middle Class – invested money in new ventures including shipping, mining, railroads
Navy protected trade

9. BRITAIN LEADS THE WAY
Textile Industry – new technology increased output, factories replace putting out system. 
IR started in GB’s largest industry, textiles. Putting out system was when peasant families spun raw cotton into thread and wove it into cloth at home. Skilled artisans in town then finished and dyed the cloth. NOW, inventions such as the flying shuttle, spinning jenny and waterframe (from Urban Game) revolutionized industry. First factories run by water power, then steam engines.

10. Transportation
Turnpikes = privately built roads charging a fee to travelers
Canals linked rivers or connected towns to ports
Stronger bridges and harbors
Greatest invention = steam locomotive
Steamships

11. Looking Ahead
Chain reaction: supply of goods increases and makes prices fall
Low prices made goods more affordable and created more consumers who further fed the demand for goods