1. How to make Better power point presentations
By Zufan Abera

2. Outline What is an Indicator? Characteristics of indicator Graphs
Information Overload
Conclusion
Future Plan

3. Indicators Events / counts once processed help measure change:
Used to monitor stated objectives
Monitor progress towards defined targets
Describe situations
Measure trends (changes) over time
Provide a measurement whereby institutions / teams can compare themselves to others

4. An ideal indicator RAVES
RELIABLE:- it gives the same result if used by different people
APPROPRIATE:- it is the best way of measuring what we want to know
VALID:- it measures what you want to measure
EASY:-it is feasible to collect the data to produce this indicator (KISS)
SENSITIVE, SPECIFIC:- it reflects changes in events being measured

5. Graph :-shows the trend of HIV status

6. Information Overload
It is important to collect data that can be used to monitor progress towards goals and targets
Data need to be essential at the local level
All data collected must have purpose and must use to calculate indicators
Huge amount of data is collected in developing countries

7. Information overload cont.
Be aware of information overload

8. Conclusion Indicators are important parameters that show the progress
The data collected must used to calculate indicators

9. Future plan Making effective power point presentations
Upload and share power point slides within a group

10. Exercise
Select good and bad slides from the following power point presentations
Give rationale for your Answers

11. Indicators Events / counts once processed help measure change:
Used to monitor stated objectives
Monitor progress towards defined targets
Describe situations
Measure trends (changes) over time
Provide a measurement whereby institutions / teams can compare themselves to others

12. Indicators
Indicators are the tools that use to convert raw data into useful information and to enable comparison between different facilities and health programs. While the information system collects data, this data has to be made into information in the form of indicators, which relate the data to standardized populations or sub-groups or items. Only when this analysis has been made can data from different sized units be meaningfully compared.
Indicators are usually made up of a numerator (top number) that is divided by a denominator (bottom number). Indicators are easy to calculate, once they have been developed. We all learned how to calculate indicators when we learned division at primary school! All health workers should be able to calculate routine indicators - not just the managers and program heads.
IFI-UIO Seminar
August 99

13. Information Overload
It is important to collect data that can be used to monitor progress towards goals and targets
Data need to be essential at the local level
Data need to be obtained easily
Raw data need to be processed and analyzed
All data collected must have purpose and must use to calculate indicators
Example:-data collected at the facility level need to measure how well the various programs are performing.
It is better to identify the must to know data
Data quality also must be considered
Huge amount of data is collected in developing countries
However, make analysis or calculating of indicators and using of information for action is minimal.

14. What is an indicator?
Measurable parameter that provides an overall summary of a situation
Usually expressed as a rate/ratio –
Numerator - number of events, services
Denominator – population of interest
Defines data to be collected – if not used for an indicator, then don’t collect it!

15. Example of indicators

16. Example of indicators
Immunisation Coverage under 1 year (annualised) Province Alpha
District
Jan-06
Feb-06
Mar-06
Apr-06
May-06
Jun-06
District 1
69.6
54.2
62.3
57.9
94.9
79.0
District 2
71.2
67.5
73.9
65.9
77.3
93.3
District 3
64.6
67.6
109.6
70.4
88.4
76.4
District 4
85.6
108.9
77.7
90.3
86.8
District 5
77.5
71.0
78.1
65.5
86.5
69.8
District 6
100.1
113.3
81.7
112.6
100.6
District 7
78.8
73.8
57.6
99.1
96.6
67.7
District 8
75.7
76.1
88.9
78.3
84.7
82.2
District 9
97.0
94.5
68.0
82.0
93.8
71.4