1. “TECHNOLOGICAL CHALLENGES IN THE EMERGING WORLD”BY
Dr. APJ ABDUL KALAM AT
Celebration of 50 years of the Discovery of the
Triple Helical Structure of Collagen
By Prof. GN Ramachandran
New Delhi, INDIA
07 AUG 2004

2. TECHNOLOGY : INTERFACES
Technology is the most Non-linear tool
Technology can effect the most fundamental changes in the ground rules of economic competitiveness
Science is linked to Technology through Applications
Technology is linked to Economy and Environment through Manufacture
Economy and Environment link Technology to Society
SOCIETY
TECHNOLOGY
ECONOMY
SCIENCE
Manufacture
Application
ENVIRONMENT

3. TECHNOLOGY THROUGH AGES
10000 BC
5000 BC
1000
1500
1800
1900
1940
1960
1980
1990
2000
2010
2020
19th Century
20th Century
21st Century
Stone Age
Bronze Age
Iron Age
Chemical Age
Plastics Age
Materials Age
Info & Knowledge Age
Nanotechnology Age
Biotechnology Age
Nuclear Age
Natural Sources & Craftsmanship
Synthesis, Engineering, combinatorial, simulation Strategies
Natural Ceramics
Natural Metals
Metallurgy
Small Molecules
Large Molecules (Polymers) Atomic (fission/fusion)
Advanced Materials (Composites) (Computer chips)
Genetic Engg.
Genomics
Proteonics
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
BIOLOGICAL REVOLUTION
DARK AGE
RENAISSANCE
Nano Gears
Accelerometer

4. HIGH TECHNOLOGY IN INDIA
NEW SPACE MISSIONS
HYPERPLANE
INSAT-2
IRS
PSLV
GSLV
REUSABLE HYPERSONIC MISSILES
ASLV
SLV-3
ARYABHATA
BRAHMOS
ALH
60 MILLION LINES
HANSA
LCA
HIGH TECHNOLOGY IN INDIA
20 MILLION LINES
PRITHVI
MBT
AGNI
RAX
SUPER COMPUTERS
TERA FLOPS SUPER COMPUTERS
100 GFLOP SUPER COMPUTERS
Technology has multiple dimensions. Geopolitics convert the technology to a particular nation’s policy. The same policy will lead to economic prosperity and capability for national security. For example, the developments in chemical engineering brought fertilizers for higher yield of crops while the same science led to chemical weapons. Likewise, rocket technology developed for atmospheric research helped in launching satellites for remote sensing and communication applications which are vital for the economic development. The same technology led to development of missiles with specific defense needs that provides security for the nation. The aviation technology development has led to fighter and bomber aircraft, and the same technology will lead to passenger jet and also help operations requiring quick reach of support to people affected by disasters. When nuclear science was born in India, in 1950s, India, in two decades, got nuclear medicine, nuclear irradiation for preservation of agricultural products, nuclear power and much later weapons. At this stage, let us study global growth of technology and human impact.
PACE & PARAM
POKHRAN I
0.1 G FLOP SUPER COMPUTER
3000 MW POWER GENERATION
20,000 MW POWER GENERATION
POKHRAN II
500 MW FAST BREEDER REACTOR

5. EMERGING INDIA DEVELOPED INDIA PROSPERITY 19th CENTURY 20th CENTURY
SECOND VISION:
DEVELOPED INDIA
SELF SUFFICIENCY IN FOOD
IMPROVED STANDARD OF LIVING
PROSPERITY
FIRST VISION:
INDEPENDENT INDIA
1.7  Vision for the nation
We got freedom in 1947, that was the result of first vision for the nation. This vision created best of leaders in many fields like politics, philosophy, science & technology and industry. In many aspects of life, improvement in literacy, agricultural products, strategic areas, certain small and large-scale industries took place. Now more than fifty years have gone by and we are called as one of the hundreds of developing countries, in a distinct way a separation from G-8 countries. We have many challenges. Nearly 300 million people who are below the poverty line have to join the mainstream of a good life. 100% literacy, health for all, multiple industrial and agricultural productivity and life style with value system has to emerge
ECONOMIC GROWTH >10 % GDP
NEAR ZERO POVERTY LEVEL
NEAR 100 % LITERACY
SELF RELIANCE IN CRITICAL SECTORS
INDEPENDENT INDIA
FIRST
INDEPENDENCE
MOVEMENT
1857
1947
1997
2020
19th CENTURY
20th CENTURY
21st CENTURY

6. INTEGRATED ACTIONS FOR DEVELOPED INDIA
Crucial for all sectors
River Networking
PURA
Food Security
Key to Employability
Infrastructure including Electric Power
Agriculture & Agro-Food Processing
Happy
& Healthy Society, Economic Strength and National
Security
Social
Security
Employment & Value addition
Population control
Nutritional Security
Export Earnings
Massive Employment
Reaching the whole nation
Education & Health Care
Information and Communication Technology
Critical Technologies & Strategic Industries
I M P A C T
~ 0%
26%
People below Poverty line
>10%
>5%
GDP
Growth rate
Towards 2020
Present
Indicators
Economic Security
Technology Strengths
Self Reliance
Science & Technology
is the KEY