1. Kelly Chance Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory
INTERPRETING TROPOSPHERIC COMPOSITION FROM SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS OF SCATTERED RADIATION
Randall Martin
Kelly Chance Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory
Daniel Jacob Harvard University
Dalhousie University

2. PRESENT AND FUTURE SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS OF TROPOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY
Platform
multiple
ERS-2
Terra
ENVISAT
Space station
Aura
TBD
Sensor
TOMS
AVHRR/SeaWIFS
GOME
MOPITT
MODIS/MISR
SCIAMACHY
MIPAS
SAGE-3
TES
OMI
MLS
CALIPSO
OCO
Launch
1979
1995
1999
2002
2004
2005 O3 N
N/L L CO
CO2 NO
NO2
HNO3
CH4
HCHO
SO2
BrO
HCN
aerosol
Increasing spatial resolution

3. TROPOSPHERIC OZONE COLUMNS (Sep’96-Aug’97)
GEOS-CHEM
TOMS (CCD)
DJF
MAM
JJA
SON
R = 0.66
MODEL BIAS = -0.5 DU
Martin et al., 2002a

4. OZONE ENHANCEMENT FROM LIGHTNING (GEOS-CHEM) largely explains observed wave-1 pattern in TOMS ozone
Martin et al., 2002a

5. SCAN-ANGLE METHOD OBSERVES OZONE FROM BIOMASS BURNING OVER NORTHERN AFRICA DURING DJF
Fire-counts
Ozone in Dobson Units
Kim et al., 2003

6. HOW DO WE EVALUATE AND IMPROVE BOTTOM-UP INVENTORIES?
Surface NOX
Global NOx Emissions (Tg N yr-1)
Fossil Fuel (20-33)
Biomass Burning (3-13) Soils (4-21)
Here in Tg N yr-1 (based on)
Fossil Fuel 24 (GEIA)
Biomass Burning 6 (Logan/Duncan)
Soils 5 (Yienger and Levy)

7. USE GOME MEASUREMENTS TO RETRIEVE NO2 COLUMNS TO MAP NOx EMISSIONS
Retrieval Summary
Spectral Fit ( nm)
GOME
Total Slant Column
Remove Stratosphere
Tropospheric Slant Column
Tropospheric NO2 column ~ ENOx
Calculate AMF
Tropospheric Column
BOUNDARY
LAYER
Martin et al., 2002b
NO2
NO/NO2  
W ALTITUDE NO
lifetime ~hours
HNO3
Emission
NITROGEN OXIDES (NOx)

8. VERTICAL COLUMNS CONFINED TO REGIONS OF SURFACE EMISSIONS Cloud/albedo artifacts removed by AMF calculation
NO/NO2  
WITH ALTITUDE
NOx lifetime
<1day
Slant
Vertical
Martin et al., 2002b

9. GEOS-CHEM Tropospheric NO2
GOME Tropospheric NO2
GEOS-CHEM Tropospheric NO2
r=0.75 bias 5%
Martin et al., 2003
1015 molecules cm-2

10. STRATEGY: OPTIMIZE SURFACE INVENTORY USING A PRIORI BOTTOM-UP AND GOME TOP-DOWN INFORMATION
Top-down emissions
A priori emissions
A posteriori emissions
A priori errors
Top-down errors
Martin et al., 2003

11. OPTIMIZED SURFACE NOX EMISSIONS
36.4 Tg N yr-1
37.7 Tg N yr-1
Martin et al., 2003

12. A POSTERIORI MINUS A PRIORI EMISSIONS
Martin et al., 2003