1. Introduction to Classification

2. Why do we classify things?
To organize
To see relationships between organisms

3. How do we classify things?
By grouping things according to similar traits or characteristics

4. How do we classify organisms?
Taxonomy – science of classification
We classify organisms into 5 Kingdoms
Monera, Protists, Fungi, Animal, Plant

5. What are the levels of classification?
Kingdom - Largest group – fewest traits in common
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species - Smallest group – all traits in common

6. How can we remember this?
Kingsize Potato Chips Often Form Grease Stains
King Philip Came Over From Germany Swimming

7. What is a scientific name?
Name used to identify an organism
Binomial – 2 names
Example:
Common Name
Genus
Species
Human
Homo
Sapien
Dog
Canis
Familiaris

8. What is Binomial Nomenclature?
Two Name – Naming System
Genus and Species Names
First letter of each name:
Genus – Capitalize
Species – lower case

9. What are the Five Kingdoms?
Monera
Protists
Fungi
Animal
Plant

10. Summary Why do scientists classify things?
How are organisms classified?
What is a scientific name?
What is binomial nomenclature?
What are the 7 levels of classification?
What are the 5 Kingdoms?
What is the science of classification?

11. Kingdom Monera

12. What is a Monera?
A single-celled organism which lacks a Nucleus!

13. What are some Monerans? Some Examples of monerans are: Bacteria
Blue-green bacteria

14. How are Monera Named?
Monera are named based on their shape. There are three shapes
Round – “cocci”
Rod shaped – “bacilli”
Spiral – “spirilli”

15. How are Monerans helpful?
Monerans are helpful in many ways:
Decomposers in the environment.
Feed on dead organisms and wastes.
Produce foods like yogurt.
Help in digestion.

16. How are Monerans Harmful?
Some monerans can be harmful by:
Causing disease.
Make foods spoil.

17. Protist Kingdom

18. What is a Protist?
A protist is a Single-celled organism which has a nucleus!
There are 2 groups:
Algae and
Protozoa.

19. What are Algae? Algae are Plant-like protists
They can photosynthesize.
Some examples of Algae are:
Diatoms and
Spyrogyra.

20. What are Protozoa? Animal-like protists.
Protozoa can move and must injest food to survive.
Some examples of Protozoa are:
Amoeba
Paramecium and
Euglena.

21. How do Protists move? Protists move using a few different techniques:
Pseudopods – False feet.
Flagella – Long hair, whiplike.
Cilia – Small hairs
Some have No movement and use air and water to get around.

22. Amoeba

23. Euglena

24. Paramecium

25. Protists can perform all life processes.

26. How do Protists Reproduce?
Protists reproduce through Mitosis (fission).

27. How do Protists get energy?
Protists get their energy by doing respiration in their Mitochondria.

28. How do Protists get nutrients?
Protists get food and water through transport (passive/active) across the cell membrane.

29. How do Protists excrete wastes?
Wastes are released through the cell membrane.

30. Fungi Kingdom

31. What are Fungi? Single-celled (Yeast) or
Multi-celled (mushrooms, mold) organisms.
Have Nucleus and cell walls.
NO Chloroplasts!

32. What are some examples of Fungi?
Yeast
Mold
Mushrooms

33. How do Fungi Eat?
Fungi release digestive enzymes into their food source through hyphae (hair-like “root” structures) and digested material is then absorbed.

34. How do Fungi Reproduce? Yeast – do budding (Mitosis)
Mushroom and Mold – Produce spores

35. Plant Kingdom

36. What are Plants? Multi-cellular organisms.
Can Photosynthesize (make their own food).
Have cell walls.
Can Not move.

37. Plants Contain many specialized tissues/organs.
What are the Parts?
Roots – Anchor the plant, absorb water, store food.
Leaves – Produce food through Photosynthesis.
Stems – support plant.
Bark – protects stem cells.
Vascular tissue – transports food and water.

38. How do Plants Reproduce?
Asexually - through vegetative propagation (root and Leaf cuttings).
Sexually – with cones and flowers.

39. Animal Kingdom

40. What is an animal? Multi-cellular organism. Can move.
Can Not make own food.

41. How are animals Classified?
Animals are classified into two main groups.
Invertebrates and
Vertebrates.

42. Two Main groups of Animals.
Invertebrates – Lacks an internal skeleton (No Backbone).
Vertebrates – Have an internal skeleton (Have Backbone).
Vertebrates can be either warm or cold-blooded.

43. Vertebrate Catagories
Cold-blooded – Use environment to get body heat.
Ex: Snails, bees, jellyfish, worms.
Warm-blooded – Can produce own body heat and maintain constant body temperature.
Ex: Birds, Mammals (Humans).

44. Non-cellular Kingdom

45. What is a Virus?
A Virus is a non-living particle which contains material for reproduction (DNA).

46. Is it Alive?
NO, because they do not perform all of the life functions.

47. What do Viruses do?
Viruses reproduce themselves with the help of a host cell.
The virus duplicates inside the host cell.
The host cell then bursts and dies.

48. How do Viruses cause disease?
Disease comes from the infected and dead cells.
Viruses are considered Parasites because they damage host cells.

49. Virus Reproducing

50. How do Viruses look?