1. 4th ISOE European Workshop on Occupational Exposure Management at NPPs Lyon, France, March Kirsi Alm-Lytz Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (STUK)
REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS FOR RADIATION SAFETY IN THE DESIGN OF A NEW FINNISH NPP
Licensing of a new NPP in Finland
FIN5 Regulatory Review at STUK
Requirement Management Tool
Regulatory platform on radiation safety

2. Electricity Generation in Finland
total 84 TWh (2002)
Net imports 14 %
Hydro Power 13 %
Wind Power 0.1 %
Oil 2 %
Peat 7 %
Coal 14 %
Other domestic 13 %
Natural
gas 11 %
Nuclear Power 26 %
Olkiluoto NPP
Loviisa NPP
2 x 488 MWe PWR
2 x 840 MWe BWR

3. Licensing of a new NPP in Finland
2009?
FIN5:
application 01/2004
STUK review
FIN5:
application 11/2000
Government DiP 01/2002
Parliament ratification 05/2002
Operating License
Construction License
Government
FIN5:
01/2000
Decision in Principle (DiP)
Government
Environmental Impact Assessment
Government
Parliament
Ministry of Trade and Industry
Nuclear Energy Act (990/1987)
Nuclear Energy Decree (161/1988)

5. Documents to be Submitted to STUK when Applying for a Construction License (Nuclear Energy Decree, Section 35)
Preliminary Safety Analysis Report (PSAR)
Proposal for a Classification Document
Description of Quality Assurance during the Construction
Plans for Physical Protection and Emergency Preparedness
Plan for Safeguards
Description of the Applicant’s Arrangements for the Regulatory Review by STUK
Other reports that STUK considers necessary (e.g. license applicant’s safety assessment)

6. FIN5 Regulatory Review at STUK: Main Phases

7. FIN5 Project Group Duties
Phase

8. 10 Subprojects

9. Requirements and guidelines
Requirement Management - Tool
Identification of requirements
Requirements for the design (licensee)
Requirements for STUK’s oversight
Life cycle of requirements
Construction license, Construction, Operating license, Commissioning, Operation
Characteristics of requirements
Verification, References, Open items, Closed
Classification of requirements
Linked to Decision of Council of State (395/1991 Sections)
Linked to content of Safety Analysis Report
Linked to project phase (CL, Construction, OL)
Requirements and guidelines
Nuclear Energy Act and Decree
YVL Guides
International references
Decisions of
Council of State

10.  Requirement Management - Linking Safety Analysis Report YVL Guide
Requirements
Decision of Council
of State Sections
Safety Analysis
Report
Safety Analysis Report
General
DCS X §
YVL 1.0 Req. Id.
YVL …
Site
DCS 7 §
DCS 8 §
Plant Systems
DCS X § …
YVL 1.0
Req. Id.
General
7 §
YVL 2.0
Req. Id.
Site
16 § 
YVL X.Y
Req. Id.
Reactor
X §

11. Requirement Management – Review Results General Safety Criteria
License applicant
submittal
Reviewer
Project Managers
Management
Insp.
Memos
Preliminary Safety
Analysis Report
General
Site
Plant Systems …
PSAR Inspection
Report
General
Requirements
Conclusions
Site
Plant Systems
4 …
Insp.
Memos
Safety Assessment
Decision of Council
of State …
Insp.
Memos
Insp.
Memos
STUK’s
Statement
on Safety
Insp.
Memos   
Insp.
Memos
Insp.
Memos
Insp.
Memos
Insp.
Memos
YVL Guides
General Safety Criteria

12. YVL 7.18: Radiation Safety Aspects in the Design of NPPs
Design principles:
design target for collective dose
radiation sources and shields
materials
plant layout
decontamination
decommissioning
accidental situations
Radiation safety in systems design:
pipelines
drainage and leak collection systems
treatment of resins and concentrates
limitation of the effluent release
Regulatory control

13. Collective Dose Limitation
A new design criterion for an annual personnel collective dose target: 0.5 manSv/ 1 GWe averaged over the plant life
-> 0.8 manSv/year for EPR (1600 MWe)
EUR document requirement:
The target for annual collective effective dose averaged over the plant life is 0.5 manSv/unit

14. Average collective radiation doses per reactor for operating OECD country NPPs and for existing Finnish NPPs
EPR design criterion in YVL Guide
requirement in EUR document

15. Decommissioning
Radiation safety aspects of decommissioning shall be taken into account already in the design stage:
materials (activation, spreading of corrosion products, decontamination)
assessment of radiation sources and amounts of activity during decommissioning
layout design: removal of large components, handling of activated components, system decontamination

16. On-Site Habitability during Accidents
Requlatory guide YVL 7.18 requires analyses of the possible radiation sources and estimates of emergency worker doses
Design stage habitability criterion:
doses may not exceed the normal dose limits of a radiation worker

17. Assessment of the on-site habitability at the existing Finnish NPPs
Direct radiation from the containment is adequately shielded (penetrations and hatches have to be separately analysed)
Skyshine from the containment is a special feature at the Loviisa NPP
air contamination in the building next to the containment might be a dangerous hazard even if the containment is intact and leaks only at the nominal rate
contaminated systems outside the containment create higher local radiation levels (e.g. ECCS, containment sprays, sampling, filtered venting system)

18. Other Relevant Radiation Safety Guides during Construction License Phase
YVL 1.10 Safety criteria for siting a NPP
YVL 7.1 Limitation of public exposure in the environment of and limitation of radioactive releases from NPPs
YVL 7.2 Assessment of radiation doses to the population in the environment of a NPP
YVL 7.3 Calculation of the dispersion of radioactive releases from a NPP
YVL 7.5 Meteorological measurements at NPPs
YVL 7.6 Monitoring of discharges of radioactive substances from NPPs
YVL 7.11 Radiation monitoring systems and equipment in NPPs

19. Relevant Radiation Safety Guides during Operating License Phase
YVL 7.4 NPP emergency preparedness
YVL 7.7 Radiation monitoring in the environment of NPPs
YVL 7.8 Environmental radiation safety reporting of NPPs
YVL 7.9 Radiation protection of NPP workers
YVL 7.10 Monitoring of occupational exposure at NPPs

20. FIN5 Regulatory Challenges
Application of the present legislation and guidelines to a full-scale plant project
Transition from the regulatory oversight of the operating units to the construction of a new reactor
Maintaining a reasonable balance with the oversight of the operating units and new NPP
Open communication and successful project performance, and coordination with external stakeholders
Proactive regulatory work

21. Thank You!