1. The Ottoman Empire

2. Rise of the Ottoman Turks
In the late 13th century, a new group of Turks began to build power
Their leader was Osman

3. Rise of the Ottoman Turks
In the 14th century, the Osman Turks began expanding
This was the beginning of the Ottoman dynasty

4. Rise of the Ottoman Turks
They expanded west and eventually controlled the Bosporus and the Dardanelles
They connect the Black and Aegean Seas
Great trade routes
In the 14th century, the Ottomans expanded to the Balkans

5. Rise of the Ottoman Turks
Ottoman rulers took the title of sultan
Supreme ruler in both political and military matters (absolutists)
They built a strong military by developing an elite guard called janissaries.

6. Rise of the Ottoman Turks
They began to master firearms.
Became a gunpowder empire
Their success was based mainly on their use of gunpowder

7. Expansion of the Empire
Under the leadership of Mehemet II, the Ottomans took the Byzantine capital of Constantinople

8. Expansion of the Empire
Renamed it Istanbul and made it the Ottoman capital

9. Western Asia and Africa
By 1517, the Ottomans controlled Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Arabia
Giving control of several holy cities of Islam (Jerusalem, Makkah)

10. Western Asia and Africa
Sultan Selim I declared himself as caliph and successor to Muhammad
Defender of Islamic faith

11. Western Asia and Africa
The Ottomans preferred to administer the conquered lands through local rulers called pashas
Collected taxes, maintained law and order, and responsible to the sultan’s court

12. Europe During the reign of Süleyman I, the Ottomans attacked Europe
Conquered Hungary, Austria, and advanced as far as Vienna

13. Europe They were defeated when they reached Vienna
A large Ottoman fleet was destroyed by the Spanish in 1571
For 100 years, they didn’t try to conquer anymore land

14. Europe
In 1683 they attempted to attack Vienna again, but were crushed by European forces
The Ottomans would never be a threat to central Europe again

15. Problems in the Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire reached its height under Süleyman the Magnificent
After he died, sultans became less involved and allowed ministers to exercise more power
Soon government became corrupt, and taxes rose