1. Problems leftover from WW I
Post-World War I
Problems leftover from WW I
World-wide feelings of hatred
Extreme Nationalism
Fear of Communism by Western countries
Depression
Inflation and unemployment

2. Totalitarian Government
a form of government in which the political authority exercises absolute and centralized control over all aspects of life, the individual is subordinated to the state, and opposing political and cultural expression is suppressed

3. Soviet Communism – “Stalinism”
Soviet Union
Joseph Stalin
Soviet Communism – “Stalinism”
Command Economy
Built up Industry
Built a large military
“Collectivization” of all farming
World Leadership International Communism
Promotion of Atheism
Outlawed popular Russian Orthodox Church
All public display of any religion 3

4. Stalin’s Totalitarian State
State Control Over the Individual - Obedience
The Great Purge 
Counter-Revolutionaries and “enemies of the People”
A paranoid Stalin feared any rival party leaders and dissenters

5. Hideki Tōjō 東条 英機 Emperor – Military Emperor Hirohito Japan
1941 to July 22, 1944
directly responsible for the attack on Pearl Harbor
Emperor – Military
Responsible to imperial ancestors
Japan lacked raw materials
Supported Territorial expansion / Japanese Imperialism
Aggressive military campaign in the 1930’s
China
Manchuria
Korea

6. Dreamed of Italian empire like the
ITALY
Benito Mussolini
Fascism
Hated Communism –
threat to private property
Glorification of State (state over individual)
Militarism is ultimate expression of power
Rejection of liberalism and democracy
Dreamed of Italian empire like the
ancient Romans

7. Adolf Hitler Germany (1933) NAZI - National Socialist Workers Party
“The Third Reich”
Came to power with a Parliamentary Democracy
Eliminated P. Democracy once in power
Became Dictator
Police state to control population
Aggressive elimination of all opposition
Rearmed Germany – against Versailles Treaty

8. Adolf Hitler Germany 1935 – Passed the Nuremberg Laws
Deprived Jews of German citizenship and prohibited racially mixed
marriages between Germans and Jews.
1935, the laws were extended to "Gypsies, Negroes or their bastard offspring"
1936 – Moved troops into the Rhineland (France)
France and Great Britain did nothing…

9. Adolf Hitler Germany (1933) Appeasement
a diplomatic policy aimed at making concessions to an aggressor
Munich Conference (pact)
permitted Germany's annexation of the Sudetenland
Hitler promised to go no further

10. Treaty of Non-aggression
Soviet Union (Russia)
Joseph Stalin
Germany (Adolph Hitler)
Treaty of Non-aggression
between Germany and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Hitler said he would not attack the Soviet Union
Stalin knew it was only a matter of time ….
so he prepared for war
Nazi foreign minister Joachim von Ribbentrop (left), Soviet leader Joseph Stalin and Soviet foreign minister Viacheslav Molotov at the signing of the nonaggression pact between Germany and the Soviet Union. 10

11. Winston Churchill Great Britain Did not believe it….
“Britain and France had to choose between war and dishonor. They chose dishonor. They will have war.”

13. Japanese Aggression Prime Minister Hamaguchi Osachi
Assassinated by ultra-national
Army invades Manchuria
League of Nations condemns it but
powerless to do anything about it

14. Japanese Aggression Rape of Nanking
The Nanking Massacre, also known as the Rape of Nanking, was an episode of mass murder and mass rape committed by Japanese troops against Nanking (China)
Historians and witnesses have estimated that 250,000 to 300,000 people were killed.

15. prohibited the sale of weapons to warring countries
United States
Neutrality Act
prohibited the sale of weapons to warring countries

16. Germany, Italy and Japan sign agreement
AXIS POWERS
The Tripartite Pact
Germany, Italy and Japan sign agreement
The Pact provided for mutual assistance should any of the signatories suffer attack by any nation not already involved in the war. This formalizing of the alliance was aimed directly at “neutral” America.
The Pact also recognized the two spheres of influence.
Germany and Italy in the establishment of a new order in Europe
Japan was granted lordship over “Greater East Asia.”