1. COLLEGE OF PUBLIC HEALTH AND HUMAN SCIENCES
Preliminary examination of the socioeconomic and housing factors that influence exposure to flame-retardants (FRs) in passive samplers worn by preschool-aged children in Oregon
Kenneth Willard
Collaborators: Kim Anderson, PhD, Shannon Lipscomb, PhD, Megan McClelland, PhD, Megan MacDonald, PhD, Molly Kile, ScD
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2. Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether
Chemicals of concern
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether
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3. Orientation influences exposure
PENTA
OCTA
DECA
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4. Orientation influences exposure
PENTA
OCTA
DECA
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5. Where they are found
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6. Where they are found
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7. Where they are found
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8. Exposures are greater in North America
2 things to take away are that there has been a clear increase in human PBDE loads since PBDEs were added into manufacturing processes and that NA has a much higher average load than other locations
PBDE Concentrations in Human breast milk (Hites, 2004)
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9. Exposures have dropped since TB117 revision
Important to note that California banned all PBDE uses in manufacturing in These numbers are from SF bay hospital
PBDE Concentrations in Human serum (Zota, 2013)
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10. Replacement FRs were also examined
TCPP
TPP
TCEP
TDCPP
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11. Aim and hypotheses
To explore the various housing and socioeconomic factors that could influence the loading rate of brominated and replacement flame retardants in pre-school aged children using silicone based passive samplers developed at Oregon State University.

12. Study Design # of children sampled: 93 Locations:
Bend and Corvallis, Oregon
Characteristics to be examined:
Income
Vacuuming and mopping
Mattress and pillow type
Floor type and carpet coverage
Size and age of home
Statistical methods: ANOVAS and t-tests
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13. Passive sampling bracelets allow for easy exposure assays
Interplay study. (photo by Karl Maasdam)
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14. What is a p-value?
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15. The communities tested: Bend and Corvallis, Oregon
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16. Initial tests showed no significant difference between the communities
PBDE 47 (ng/g*d)
PBDE 99
PBDE 153
PBDE 154
Bend
16.138
Corvallis
20.644
10.299
1.00
P- Values
0.1691
0.1759
These values are ngPBDE/gPassiveSampler per days worn
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17. Initial tests showed no significant difference between the communities
TCEP (ng/g*d)
TCPP
TDCPP
TPP
Bend
2.337
3.411
4.585
4.073
Corvallis
2.240
3.233
4.467
4.134
P- Values
0.624
0.547
0.623
0.841
These values are ngClFRs/gPassiveSampler per days worn
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18. = p-value< .05
* = p-value < .1
Groups: less than $22,000(n=17), $22,001-70,000(n=32) and greater than $70,001(n=28)
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19. Trends in income
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20. Trends in income
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21. Groups: 0-4 times/month(n=37), 5-8(n=25) and 9+(n=15)
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22. Trends in vacuuming
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23. Groups: Once a week or less (x<4/month)(n=53), More than once a week (n>5/month) (n=22)
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24. Groups: Foam/Synthetic(n=42), Down(n=3), Mixture(n=14), Unsure(n=18)*

25. Groups: Foam(n=15), Spring (n=49), Mix/unsure (n=13)
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26. Groups: Wood (n=5), Carpet (n=5), Mixture (n=66)
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27. Groups: 0-25%(n=19), 26-50% (n=16), 51-75% (n=11), 76-100% (n=31)
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28. = p-value< .05
* = p-value < .1
Groups: sqft (n=13), (n=19), (n=15), (n=12), (n=10)
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29. Groups: pre-1975(n=16), 1976-2005(n=26), and 2006+(n=11)
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30. Strengths and Limitations
Able to characterize over 40 FRs in a single study
Attrition rate of bands under 15%
Limitations
Relatively small sample sizes for some characteristics
Questionnaire was vague in some areas
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31. Conclusion
There is no significant difference in the concentrations of FRs being loaded on to silicone bands between Bend and Corvallis, Oregon
Income has a potential impact on the exposure of pre-school aged children to flame-retardants
Vacuuming may impact the exposure to flame-retardants

32. Future research Climate effects on PBDE distribution
More research needs to be done in examining the effects of vacuuming on the exposures of people to FRs
A larger sample of different pillow types to determine their potential to act as reservoirs of FRs
More from the interplay study:
More info on the human toxicological impact
Dust exposures will be looked at
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33. Acknowledgements
Dr. Molly Kile, for being a great mentor and introducing me to the world of environmental chemistry and sampling
Jennifer Pryzbyla, Phd candidate, lab manager.
Dr. Kim Anderson, and all of her lab employees for their great analytical work
OSU Environmental Health Science Center and the NIEHS grant for providing the funding
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34. Questions?
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