1. Brief Response New homes and business opportunities,
a fresh start away from the East.
Conflict with Mexico.
Land that new states will be created from
California will be a rich new state

2. The Market Revolution
p. 139

3. Today’s goal
The market revolution was the beginning of great economic change in the US.
New markets, entrepreneurs, and inventions changed and expanded the 19th-century American economy.
Work places and their conditions changed.
Workers struggled to keep up with change and improve their economic security.

4. Vocabulary Market Revolution
Americans increasingly bought and sold goods, many made by US manufacturers, rather than make them for themselves.
Images:
Cider making for marketing in cities
Stove ad for American homes….
Store fronts and market streets in growing towns and cities
Coal mining to feed industry and home needs
Railroads to bring resources to factories, and people to growing regions.
Currency and banking system to provide the necessary cash.

5. Free enterprise
Private businesses are allowed to operate competitively for profit with little government regulation.

6. Entrepreneurs
People who start a business using their own money and/or investors’ money.
They risk failure and loss of huge amounts of money, as well as prison, in order to succeed and gain huge amounts of money.

7. Samuel F.B. Morse 1837, developed and patented the telegraph.
Sent messages in code, by electric wire.
Up to date price and sales information could be sent by businesses
Railroads used it to move regularly and safely.
In 14 years there were 23,000 miles of wire in the US.

8. Lowell Textile Mills Factories making string and fabric.
Francis Cabot Lowell built them in Massachusetts.
He used female employees:
abundant source of labor,
could pay lower wages than men
Better pay than teaching, sewing, domestic work
12-hour work day or longer
Dark, hot, cramped work locations.

9. strike
A work stoppage by employees to force an employer to respond to worker demands.
In the Lowell strike workers lost and had to go back to work at lower wages, leaders were fired.
In the beginning the company usually won
Workers had no unions,
no organization
No large treasuries to support a strike.
Could be arrested for organizing

10. immigration Leaving one country to live and work in another.
Three million came between 1845 and 1854.
One million were Irish, escaping the starvation of the Great Potato Famine.
Faced Nativist anger and hatred from locals
Competition for jobs (lowered wages)
Irish were Catholic Christians (Local Americans were mostly protestant Christians.

11. National Trade’s Union
1834, trade (specialized workers) unions from many towns began working together
Different trades joined together
Opposed by bankers, owners, and investors.
Government favored owners
Courts ruled unions and strikes illegal

12. Commonwealth v. Hunt
1842, Massachusetts Supreme Court rules in favor of workers.
They have the right to strike.

13. End hwk
Begin class work

14. p . 140, Synthesizing
Entrepreneurs created new businesses and new products to be bought and sold.

15. p. 141, Summarizing
Technology influenced the North and Midwest by improving the means of transportation and communication.
Inventions such as John Deere’s steel plow and the Cyrus McCormick’s reaper also improved farming in the midwest.

16. p. 142, Making Inferences
Most factory owners regarded their workers in the same way they they regarded their machinery.
They were to be maintained for as little money as possible to get the maximum production.
They would be discarded when no longer of any use.

17. p. 142, Summarizing Workers were not well organized
They had little public support
Strikers could be fired and easily replaced.

18. p. 143, 3, Analyzing Issues
Manufactured items cost less than hand-made.
Opportunities for women expanded
Traditional families were breaking up.

19. p. 143, 4, Analyzing Primary Sources
Inventors, such as Samuel Morse, would probably marvel at the progress of technology today.
Farmers may have been grateful for new machinery.
Many could not afford the equipment
Many went into great debt to cover costs
Laborers and factory workers might have pointed out how machinery made their lives more difficult with poor working conditions.

20. Image Analysis
When do you think the image was made (the actual event or now)? Explain.
How does the author connect the telegraph to the American infrastructure and economy? (three examples).
Is the author for or against business development in America? Explain.

21. Image Analysis
When do you think the image was made (the actual event or now)? Explain.
Made during the actual event as the illustration is done in the way of publications then.
The topic was important then—this is like an ad/propaganda.

22. Image Analysis
How does the author connect the telegraph to the American infrastructure and economy? (three examples).
Tape says: “one and inseparable”; “liberty and union now and forever”
Busy railroads
Busy shipping
Busy factories

23. Image Analysis
Is the author for or against business development in America? Explain
For:
The telegrapher is busy and confident
The tape messages are proud and hopeful
The industry (that makes America great) is thriving

24. Brief Response
How did America change because of the Market Revolution?