1. Post WWII Europe Holocaust Rise of Super Powers Cold War End of the Cold War

3. 11 million people were exterminated

4. 6 million Jews 5 million people 1933 - 1945

5. They were shot, starved, gassed and burned…

6. Defining the Holocaust
the annihilation of the Jews and other groups of people of Europe under the Nazi regime during World War II
Anti-Semitism- hatred, discrimination and persecution of Jewish people
GENOCIDE: the systematic extermination of a nationality or group

7. European Jewish Population in 1933 was 9,508,340

8. Estimated Jewish Survivors of Holocaust: 3,546,211

9. The Stages of Isolation
The Holocaust was a progression of actions
leading to the annihilation of millions by:
1: Stripping of Rights
2: Segregation
3: Concentration
4: Extermination

10. Stage 1: Stripping of Rights
1935: Nuremberg Laws stated that all JEWS were :
stripped of German citizenship
fired from jobs & businesses boycotted
banned from German schools and universities
Forced to carry ID cards
forced to wear the arm band of the Yellow “Star of David”
Jewish synagogues destroyed
forced to pay reparations and a special income tax
Reparations of 1 billion Reichmarks after Kristallnacht

11. Stage 2: Segregation GHETTOS
Jews were forced to live in designated areas called “ghettos” to isolate them from the rest of society
Ghettos were filthy, with poor sanitation and extreme overcrowding
Disease was rampant and food was in such short supply that many slowly starved to death

12. Stage 3: Concentration Camps
Slave labor “annihilation by work”
Prisoners faced undernourishment and starvation
Prisoners transported in cattle freight cars
Camps were built on railroad lines for efficient transportation

14. Stage 4: Extermination
DEATH FACTORIES: Nazi extermination camps fulfilled the singular function of mass murder
“Final Solution” called for the complete and mass annihilation and extermination of the Jews as well as other groups

15. End of WWII: V-E Day
V-E Day (Victory in Europe day) was May 7 and These are the two days that the unconditional surrender of the Axis Powers (Germany and Italy) in Europe were accepted and signed.
The War in Europe was officially over.

16. End of WWII: The Rise of Superpowers
At the end of the war, there will be two clear Superpowers: The United States of America and the Soviet Union (U.S.S.R.).
A superpower is a country that has the highest level of influence on world politics and has a very strong military.
Although the USA and Soviet Union were friends during WWII, after the war they are enemies.

17. End of WWII:A Divided Germany
At the end of the war it was difficult to decide what to do with Germany.
They were accused of starting two world wars and Britain and France did not want to be invaded again.
The solution was to divide Germany, but how?
Germany was divided into Eastern (Communist) and Western Germany (Democracy).=Berlin Wall.

18. End of WWII: East & West Germany

19. End of WWII: East & West Berlin
The capital of Germany was Berlin, and once they divided the nation, it fell on the Soviet controlled East Germany side.
As a compromise, the city of Berlin was divided into East and West Berlin.
West Berlin was controlled by the U.S.A.
East Berlin was controlled by the Soviet Union.

20. End of WWII: Beginnings of the Cold War
The debate over the division of Germany would be the first of many problems between the Soviets and the U.S.A.
Following the war, the Soviets also developed an atomic bomb.
Now the two world superpowers both had nuclear weapons.

21. Cold War
The Cold War was a time period when non-cooperation between the two major world Superpowers, the USA and the Soviet Union, that caused a fear of nuclear war.

22. Cold War
With the two superpowers at odds, the rest of the world felt the pressure to take sides.
There became a clear division between the non-communist nations of NATO and the communist nations that became members of the Warsaw Pact.
These two organizations (NATO and the Warsaw Pact) were alliances between countries on either side.

23. Cold War
NATO- North Atlantic Treaty Organization- Democratic countries in western Europe allied with the United States.
Warsaw Pact- Communist countries of eastern Europe allied with the Soviet Union.

24. Cold War: The World Takes Sides

25. Cold War: Politics
West Germany developed a capitalist economy and a democratic government modeled after the U.S.A.
East Germany developed a communist economy and government modeled after the U.S.S.R.

26. Cold War: Politics
Communism is an economic system and form of government in which the government makes all of the decisions as to what will be produced, how it will be produced, and for whom it will be produced.
Capitalism is an economic system in which individuals decide what to produce, how to produce, and for whom to produce.
Democracy is a form of government in which the people control the government by voting.

27. Cold War: The Berlin Wall
In 1961 the Soviets built the Berlin wall to divide East Berlin from West Berlin.
Anyone who tried to cross the wall would be shot.

28. Cold War: The Berlin Wall

29. Cold War: The Berlin Wall
The Berlin Wall became the symbol for the “Iron Curtain.”
The “Iron Curtain” is the term for the imaginary border between the communist nations and the members of NATO.

30. Cold War: “Proxy Wars”
During the Cold War the U.S.A. and the U.S.S.R. never technically fought each other, there were several “almost” events between the two.
Example: The Cuban Missile Crisis
The two nations avoided fighting directly and encouraged other nations to fight each other instead.
These “proxy wars” are the reason nations like Iraq, Iran, Syria, and Afghanistan have the military training and technology that they do.

31. The End of the Cold War

32. THE COLLAPSE OF THE SOVIET UNION
The Soviet Union was spending too much money. Communism could not compete with the United States capitalism economically. This led to the Soviet Union’s collapse.
putting down revolts within its country
protecting its borders
keeping up with the United States in the arms race.

33. THE COLLAPSE OF THE SOVIET UNION
Mikhail Gorbachev, the head of the Soviet Union
Perestroika-reduced government control of business, more economic freedom
Glasnost-increased openness of the government and more freedoms for Soviet citizens
These actions helped to improve relations with the United States
Inspired people in other Eastern Bloc countries (Warsaw Pact)to demand freedom from communist rule.

34. THE COLLAPSE OF THE SOVIET UNION
The Soviet republics that had once been separate countries began seeking their independence too.
The Soviet Union was no more.
The Cold War was over!!!!
Many countries were created from the former Soviet Union.
Russia was the largest.

35. Cold War: And the Wall Comes Tumbling Down
The fall of the Berlin Wall in August of 1989 became the symbol of the fall of communism in Europe and the end of the Cold War.

36. Cold War: And the Wall Comes Tumbling Down

37. Cold War: And the Wall Comes Tumbling Down
After the fall of the Berlin Wall, Germans from East Berlin/Germany could finally travel across the border into West Berlin/Germany freely.
This was the beginning of the reunification of East and West Germany.
The two parts of Germany had been divided since the end of World War II in 1945.

38. Cold War: One Germany
The newly reformed Germany has struggled to reshape itself into one nation again.
Though people were happy with the event, the difficulties of bringing former East Germany’s infrastructure (roads, bridges, and buildings) up to West German standards has taken a long time.
Today, the reunification is considered to be a success.