1. The Graphics Divide: When the Alt Attribute Does Not Suffice
Andrew Downie

2. Introduction Will look at when alt text is effective
Will then consider situations where text is not effective
Solutions to screen reader access to graphics remain elusive
Some tactile graphic creation tools will be discussed
Finally:
When is online material insufficient
Which graphics creation tools to use

3. Purpose of alt text
To convey in words the same meaning as that conveyed by the image
Wording will depend on the purpose of the image’s inclusion
Surrounding text should provide context
Decorative images are exempt
Easy to rationalise “decorative”
Can meet the letter of WCAG 1.1 without being useful

4. Some alt text considerations
Should be written by the author, not someone else
How long should alt text be?
As long as necessary
The text should not add to what is in the image
Continued next slide

5. Some alt text considerations (cont)
Describe the scene rather than the image itself
For longer text, link to a separate page
Alt text in MS Office files is not visible

6. Varying alt text effectiveness
Can be
Very effective
Somewhat effective
Mildly irritating
Very disruptive
Fail to convey important information/concept
Will depend on material and/or skill of the author
Writing alt text should get the same attention as other components

7. A workable example In the example about to be presented:
Feel free to quibble over wording
Information is conveyed effectively
Show image example control-1

8. Something of more dubious value
Alt text for Pascal’s triangle
Pascal's triangle starts with 1 at the apex.
Below it there is 1 to the left and 1 to the right
Next there is 1 on the left, 2 below the apex and 1 to the right.
Below that numbers are 1, 3, 3 and 1.
The sequence can extend indefinitely.
Each number is the sum of the two numbers directly above it.
Show pascal-triangle control-2
Show swellpaper example

9. Some options for tactile representation
Braille embosser with relevant software
Requires specific skills to produce and read
Swell (or capsule) paper
May suit blind, limited vision and cognitive impairment
Raised line drawing tools such as APH Draftsman
Least expensive option
Good when out and about
Cannot generate multiple copies
Combine tactile graphic with touch screen
Show globe control-3

10. Beyond tactile pictures
Picture the Sydney Opera House sails
Show opera-house.html control-4
Show 3D opera house

11. Conclusion Alt text can be effective in many circumstances
Requires diligence and some expertise
Meaning of some complex images
Difficult to convey in words or
Impossible to convey in words
Online material should also include physical resources when applicable
Current hardware and software make that relatively easy

12. Thank you
Andrew Downie Phone: