1. Incandescent Lighting
Grote 101 Module 7
Incandescent Lighting

2. Incandescent Lighting
In this module you will learn:
How incandescent lamps work and reasons for failure
Types and applications of incandescent bulbs
Ways for extending life

3. Incandescent Lamps
What components make up an Incandescent bulb and how do they function together to produce light?
How do these components vary in form and substance?
How do these variations affect light output and longevity?

4. BULB TYPES Types of filaments
There are many bulb types in size, shape, and connection, but they are somewhat limited to 2 variations as it relates to function:
SINGLE FILAMENT
Single function ( 1 light intensity )
DUAL FILAMENT
Dual function ( 2 light intensities )
Types of filaments
Straight wire
Coiled
Coiled coil

5. INCANDESCENT TECHNOLOGIES
Standard
Inert gas only
Lower burn temperatures
Standard glass bulbs
Less efficient
Halogen
Additional bulb gases
Hotter temperature cycle
Stronger bulb requirements – Quartz
Higher output with maintaining or increasing life

6. Common Bulbs Marker S/T/T Lamps
193/194 Push in bulb – Turtleback, 2”, 2.5”, etc
67 twist in bulb – various larger style marker lamps
S/T/T Lamps
1156 Single filament– 4”, oval series, Box Lamps
1157 Double filament– 4”, oval series, Box Lamps

7. Common Bulbs Utility Lamps 4411 – Par 36 Sealed Beam
High power consumption – 2.7 amps
Low life expectancy – 300 hours rated
Sealed beam – must be replaced – no internal bulb in the housing
Vibration resistance typically comes more from the housing – no built in resistance

8. PRIMARY CAUSES OF BULB FAILURE
Vibration
Corrosion
Contaminants
Improper Voltage
too high or too low

9. Reducing the failure Grommet mounting Using the proper voltage
Rubber cushioned washer
Di-electric compound
Minimize use
Reduce potential impact (brackets, etc)
Build a better mouse trap

10. The Grote System Torsion I Torsion II Torsion III
Plastic anti-vibration socket
Torsion II
Metal track cushion
Torsion III
Spring cushion
Gel dampening

11. DIAGNOSING FAILURES TYPES Old Age – normal life span of the bulb
Loss of Vacuum – globe or base develops leak
The “Smoker”
Power Surge -- result of short or spike

12. Bulb Applications and Beam Patterns
Non-directional
Bulbs need lenses to create a light pattern
Much time and effort is spent to create the best lens design to maximize light output
Knowing the light pattern applications is one key to success
Forward Lighting is perceived as lighting just as it’s name suggest. FORWARD…
Driving
Fog
Off Road Flood
Work Lighting is a type that can be used in nearly unlimited applications and direction.
Spot
Trapezoid
Flood

13. Common Utility Beam Patterns
Driving similar to spot pattern
Fog similar to trap
Off Road similar to wide flood

14. Perceived FEATURES & BENEFITS
Lower – less cost than new technology
Not really….
Heat – snow melting in cold climates
Negligible
Wide selection of applications

15. Incandescent Lamps in the Lighting Market

16. Decline Management
The use and integration of incandescent technology is generally on the decline.
Newer technology (mainly LED) is replacing incandescents

17. Old Technology vs. LED
LED technology addresses the primary short-comings of incandescents:
Life
Vibration
Reliability

18. Regulation Changes
Developed in 2010, CSA is the single largest enforcement regulation to date for lighting
Lighting violations are common and severely rated
Preparation is key
Utilize available data, knowledge, and tools available for CSA discussions
CSA enforcement is driving the adoption of LED lighting away from incandescent lighting.

19. Warranty Expectations
Overall performance expectation is higher by todays fleets and end-users
Better performing technologies are reflected in warranty coverage

20. New Markets
Advances in LED technology have made it a viable technology for more applications:
Construction/Heavy Equipment
Increased Interior Lighting Applications
Additional Agricultural Markets
Emergency Lighting

21. SUMMARY – Key Points What a filament is and how it produces light
The different types of filaments and how one would resist vibration more than the others
The difference between a single filament and dual filament bulb
Why diagnosing a failure can help prevent repeat failures and help identify problems outside the lamp itself
How bulb socket design can reduce vibration, and dielectric compound can reduce corrosion and contamination
The difference between forward lighting and work lighting and the 3 most common patterns for each
Market and technology changes effecting incandescent lighting