1. Literary Elements

2. Fable
a short story, typically with animals as characters, conveying a moral or lesson
Aesop’s Fables
Tortoise and the Hare
Lion and the Mouse
Parables/Folktales/Fairy Tales are different
Parables teach a lesson with humans
Folktales teach a lesson that’s been passed through oral tradition and uses humans
Fairy Tales can teach a lesson, has been passed down, and has magical creatures

3. Allegory
a story (or picture) that is interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, usually moral or political
Chronicles of Narnia: Lion, Witch, and Wardrobe
Interpreted as one but never confirmed by author
Animal Farm
Faerie Queene by Sir Edmund Spencer

4. Caricature
a picture or imitation of a person that’s had certain characteristics exaggerated in order to create a comic or unnatural effect.
Political Cartoon

5. Microcosm A small scale representation of a much larger “situation”.
(Macrocosm: the whole “situation”)
Snowglobe
Horton Hears A Who and The Grinch
The Truman Show

6. Parody
an imitation of something while deliberately exaggerating for comic effect
Saturday Night Live

7. Satire
the use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people's stupidity or bad habits
“Thank You” note for garlic gum
Political Cartoons can use satire

8. Irony
Saying (or doing) something that would typically have the opposite effect or meaning
3 Kinds: Verbal, Dramatic, Situational
Firehouse burning to the ground (Situational)
In Toy Story, human characters are not aware that the toys speak and move while the audience is aware (Dramatic)
Smooth as sandpaper (Verbal)