1. By: Teacher Anayansi Santamaria
CHAPTER 4: COMPLEMENTS
By: Teacher Anayansi Santamaria

2. RECOGNIZING COMPLEMENTS
A COMPLEMENT IS A WORD OR WORD GROUP THAT COMPLETES THE MEANING OF THE VERB.
EVERY SENTENCE HAS AT LEAST ONE SUBJECT AND ONE VERB, BUT OFTEN A VERB ALSO NEEDS A COMPLEMENT TO MAKE THE SENTENCE COMPLETE.
EXAMPLES:
MARLENE BROUGHT
MARLENE BROUGHT SANDWICHES.
CARLOS THANKED
CARLOS THANKED HER.

3. IN THE FOLLOWING EXAMPLES IDENTIFY THE SUBJECT, VERB AND (COMPLEMENT).
1. DURING SHAKEPEARE’S TIME, PLAYS WERE A COMMON FORM OF ENTERTAINMENT IN ENGLAND.
2. A GREAT MANY PEOPLE WATCHED PLAYS AT THE MOST POPULAR PLAYHOUSE IN LONDON- THE GLOBE THEATER.
3. RICHARD AND CUTHBERT BURBAGE BUILT THE GLOBE IN 1599.

4. OBJECTS OF VERBS
DIRECT OBJECTS AND INDIRECT OBJECTS COMPLETE THE MEANING OF TRANSITIVE VERBS.
A DIRECT OBJECT IS A NOUN, PRONOUN, OR WORD GROUP THAT TELLS WHO OR WHAT RECEIVES THE ACTION OF THE VERB.
A DIRECT OBJECT ANSWERS THE QUESTION “WHOM” OR “WHAT” AFTER A TRANSITIVE VERB.
EXAMPLES:
OUR HISTORY CLASS BUILT A MODEL OF THE ALAMO.
MR. ITO GREETS WHOEVER COMES INTO THE SHOP.

6. INDIRECT OBJECTS
AN INDIRECT OBJECT IS A NOUN, PRONOUN OR WORD GROUP THAT SOMETIMES APPEARS IN SENTENCES CONTAINING DIRECT OBJECTS.

7. EXAMPLES LUKE SHOWED THE CLASS HIS COLLECTION OF COMIC BOOKS.
I.O D.O.
2. SARITA BOUGHT US A CHESS SET.
I.O D.O.
NOTE: AN INDIRECT OBJECT, JUST LIKE A DIRECT OBJECT, IS NEVER INCLUDED IN A PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE. A NOUN OR PRONOUN THAT FOLLOWS TO OR FOR IS THE OBJECT OF THE PREPOSITION, NEVER AN INDIRECT OBJECT.

8. SUBJECT COMPLEMENTS
A SUBJECT COMPLEMENT IS A WORD OR WORD GROUP THAT COMPLETES THE MEANING OF A LINKING VERB AND THAT IDENTIFIES OR DESCRIBES THE SUBJECT.
THERE ARE TWO KINDS OF SUBJECT COMPLEMENTS: THE PREDICATE NOMINATIVE AND THE PREDICATE ADJECTIVE.

9. PREDICATE NOMINATIVES
A PREDICATE NOMINATIVE IS A WORD OR WORD GROUP THAT IS IN THE PREDICATE AND THAT IDENTIFIES THE SUBJECT OR REFERS TO IT.
A PREDICATE NOMINATIVE MAY BE A NOUN, A PRONOUN OR ANY OTHER WORD GROUP THAT FUNCTIONS AS A NOUN. A PREDICATE NOMINATIVE COMPLETES THE MEANING OF A LINKING VERB.

10. IDENTIFY THE PREDICATE NOMINATIVES IN THE FOLLOWING EXAMPLES:
HORTICULTURE IS THE ART OR SCIENCE OF GROWING FLOWERS, FRUITS, VEGETABLES, AND OTHER PLANTS.
THROUGH GERMINATION, A SEED BECOMES A PLANT.
THE DEVELOPING PLANT IS A SEEDLING.

11. PREDICATE ADJECTIVES
A PREDICATE ADJECTIVE IS AN ADJECTIVE THAT IS IN THE PREDICATE AND THAT DESCRIBES THE SUBJECT.
PREDICATE ADJECTIVES MAY BE COMPOUND.
EXAMPLE: A COMPUTER CAN BE FUN, HELPFUL, AND SOMETIMES FRUSTRATING.

12. IDENTIFY THE PREDICATE ADJECTIVE OR ADJECTIVES IN THE FOLLOWING EXAMPLES:
THE GREAT STONE DOGS THAT GUARD ENTRANCE TO CHINATOWN LOOK A BIT FRIGHTENING.
THE STREETS THERE ARE CROWDED AND FULL OF BUSTLING ACTIVITY.
THE SPECIAL FOODS AND BEVERAGES AT THE TEAROOMS AND RESTAURANTS SMELL WONDERFUL.