1. Language as a Practice Practices are:
Actions and activities shared by many people
Repeated and used many times

2. Community
A group of people who come together around shared actions and activities
Communities have a whole set of practices
Language
Clothing
Activities
Everyone belongs to many communities
People know how to speak, dress, act appropriately for every community

3. Communities of Practice (CoPs)
A group of people who:
Participate in shared, repeated practices
Share some values
Use language in similar, specialized ways
This term focuses emphasizes how shared activities help to define a community

4. Linguistic Landscapes
What CoP does your picture represent?
What are some of the practices in that CoP?
Language
Clothing
Activities
Are there practices that seem more “normal”? Less normal?

5. Markedness Unmarked categories, language, and identities:
Are thought of by a community as “natural,” “normal,” or “ordinary” and are therefore less visible
Examples: walk; The Warriors; “a man”
Marked categories, language, and identities:
Are thought to somehow differ from the norm
Examples: walked; The Lady Warriors; “a gay man”

6. Example from the SuperBowl
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7. How is language used in the following slides to make some categories seem marked and others seem unmarked?

13. Journals
What examples can you give of things that would be marked vs. unmarked in 1 of your CoPs or in 1 of the spaces in your linguistic landscape?
What blends into the landscape as normal and almost invisible?
What stands out?
Think about language as well as other practices (clothing, people, activities)