1. Canada’s Immigration System

2. Migration
Migration is the movement of a population from one place to another. (usually from one country to another)
Two types:
1. Immigration means migration to a new location.
2. Emigration means migration away from a location
98% of all Canadians are either immigrants or are descendants of immigrants
Canada has been receiving immigrants for over 400 years
About immigrants arrive in Canada every year from all over the world

3. Factors affecting Migration
Push Factors: negative characteristics of a location that cause people to emigrate. (e.g. war, famine, natural disaster)
Pull Factors: positive characteristics of a location that cause people to immigrate. (e.g. quality health care, stable political system, jobs)

5. Classes (types) of Immigrants
Canada receives a total of approx immigrants per year. They are classified as follows:
Economic (57% of total)
-people with a skill
-they are beneficial because they meet Canada’s economic needs
-They are categorized as “Business” or “Skilled”
Family (26% of total)
-sponsorship is required to bring family members to Canada
(3-10 years of financial responsibility)
-spouse, children, parents, grand parents, etc of immigrants
Refugee (14 % of total)
-someone who has been forced to leave their country by severe push factors (war, risk of political imprisonment or inhumane treatment)
-refugees face persecution of some kind in their home country

6. The Points System
Economic Immigrants are judged according to a system of points based on:
age
education
language
support, etc
To be eligible to immigrate to Canada, an applicant must achieve at least 67 points (skilled worker) or 35 points (business class) on the points scale.

7. Where do the new immigrants go?
Most new immigrants move to provinces and cities where there are other people from their culture and also possibilities of employment
example: Ontario, B.C., Alberta, Quebec
Two thirds (2/3) of all immigrants settle in large cities such as Toronto, Vancouver, Montreal or Ottawa
40% of all new immigrants move to Toronto (over people every year)

8. Top 10 Canadian Cities by Share of Immigrants, 2009
Top 10 Canadian Cities by Share of Immigrants, Source: Statistics Canada

9. Interprovincial Migration
Do people stay in the same place in Canada?
migration does not only occur between countries
many people move from province to province (interprovincial migration)... provinces like Saskatchewan and Newfoundland lose many people every year while provinces like Ontario and Alberta gain people every year from other provinces
A gain in population for a province is known as in-migration.
A loss in population for a province is known as out-migration.
Look at the chart on p. 221 of your text.
Based on what you see, provide some reasons why the different Canadian provinces might have lost or gained people (do this in groups).
What trends do you notice?

11. Immigrating to Canada