1. Wrapping-up the New Deal

2. FDR & SCOTUS
Between , SCOTUS ruled against FDR’s New Deal in 7 out of 9 cases – Struck down the NIRA Schechter v. US 1935 – Struck down the AAA Butler v. US *In 1936, FDR wins a landslide election, which he interprets as a mandate to press on with the New Deal.
The Hughes Court

3. The Judiciary Reorganization Bill of 1937: FDR attempts to “Pack the Court”
Six of the nine high court justices were 70+ years old.
For those that didn’t retire at 70, FDR wanted to appoint an additional justice.
Widespread criticism of FDR’s “Court Packing Scheme”.
While the effort fails and it remains a stain on FDR’s legacy, SCOTUS effectively stopped its opposition to the New Deal.

12. First & Second New Deals
First New Deal ( ) Focus – Relief, Recovery, Reform “First Hundred Days” Bank Holiday Emergency Banking Act Glass-Steagall Act Fire Side Chats CCC FERA AAA TVA NIRA SEC
Second New Deal ( ) Responded to critics with more spending and a focus on long- term reforms. WPA Social Security Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act Wagner Act US Housing Authority Indian Recovery Act Rural Electrification Act

13. The New Deal as a transformative moment in history:
Challenged old power structures and created new ones.
Created new social roles & opportunities for growing number that worked for government, unions, and in agriculture.
Advanced American pluralism by opening jobs/power to Catholics, Jews and Blacks.
Shifted the center of American politics by taking responsibility for:
Steering the economy
Promoting social welfare
Regulating and protecting labor unions
Curbing the abuses of government
*Afterward, Americans would increasingly expect their government
to ensure prosperous times, good jobs, and high wages as well as to
aid those unable to fend for themselves.
**Traditional, conservatives still clung to: self-help, limited government, states’ rights, and fiscal responsibility.